<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434</id><updated>2011-10-28T14:34:06.028-07:00</updated><category term='PRIMER ANIVERSARIO DE LATINAS - PELICULA'/><category term='Desafíos del Mundo Contemporáneo'/><category term='MARIA PAEZ DE VICTOR'/><category term='kaminer castro cuba venezuela nchamah miller'/><category term='HONDURAS - Tortured'/><category term='libia y luchas de los pueblos'/><category term='2010'/><category term='CUBAN SCHOLARS IN TORONTO MEETINGS IN OCTOBER'/><category term='COMUNICADO PARTIDO TRABAJADORAS'/><category term='author Maria Paez Victor'/><category term='Exiled Honduran Journalist Recalls His Experiences  by Tamar Sharabi'/><category term='Roy Chaderton: &quot;Los vamos a demoler en las parlamentarias”'/><category term='Louis Riel Bolivarian Circle/Hands Off Venezuela  May 4'/><category term='Société Bolivarienne du Québec/Hands Off Venezuela Mai 4'/><title type='text'>LATIN@S CANADA</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>22</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-8436036706201030860</id><published>2011-10-28T14:31:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-28T14:34:06.094-07:00</updated><title type='text'>WE HAVE MOVED - MUDAMOS DE CASA - http://www.latinascanada.org/</title><content type='html'>veanos en nuestra pagina de la red  -  see our  web page &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.latinascanada.org/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-8436036706201030860?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/8436036706201030860/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/10/we-have-moved-mudamos-de-casa.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/8436036706201030860'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/8436036706201030860'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/10/we-have-moved-mudamos-de-casa.html' title='WE HAVE MOVED - MUDAMOS DE CASA - http://www.latinascanada.org/'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-787047706808281665</id><published>2011-03-29T15:34:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-29T15:34:37.355-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Soy Latinoamericana, no Hispana - Por: María Páez de Victor, MA, PhD</title><content type='html'>Soy Latinoamericana, no Hispana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por: María Páez de Victor, MA, PhD&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;En Canadá, viven alrededor de 700,000 personas de América Latina que se denomina “Hispanos”. Yo rechazo esa descripción. Es errada, excluyente y simboliza una opresión cultural que hemos padecido en Nuestra América desde la llegada de los europeos.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Indudablemente, latinoamericanos de Centro y Sur America hablan castellano – son de habla hispana- y muchos llevan sangre española en sus venas. Pero, esa no es la única sangre que la mayoría lleva, y el castellano no es el único lenguaje que había en nuestro pasado, ni hay en el presente. La inmensa mayoría de latinoamericanos son una mezcla de indígenas, criollos, negros africanos, y europeos.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Antes de la Conquista española desde el Rio Bravo hasta la punta de Chile habían unos 1,750 idiomas indígenas.  Entre 1490 y 1570, los conquistadores realizaron una campaña intencionada de eliminar pueblos indígenas con brutal esclavización, tortura y muerte.[i] Los españoles lograron exterminar de 70 a 100 millones de indígenas. [ii]Ninguno de los genocidios del Siglo 20– ni Hitler ni Stalin- se pueden comparar con la magnitud de esta carnicería. Al principio del Siglo 16 los pueblos originarios representaban el 99% de la población de América Latina y el Caribe  pero hoy representan solamente el 30%, unas 40 millones de personas.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Esta campaña genocida incluía suprimir las culturas,  historias e idiomas indígenas.  Sistematicamente destruyeron archivos, conocimientos ancestrales, símbolos, artefactos, música, teatro, baile y religión de los pueblos originarios de esta inmensa región. Fué también un genocidio cultural.  Por ejemplo, Tenochtitlán, la capital Azteca, maravilla de diseño urbano, más sofisticada, mejor planificada, más salubre y tan bella como cualquiera de las ciudades europeas, fue destruída y saqueada  por el genocida Hernán Cortéz. Encima de las ruinas del gran templo azteca osaron construir la Catedral de la Ciudad de México. El antropólogo Fernando Baez indica que esta destrucción de nuestra historia yace en el corazón de las contradicciones, la dependencia y las explotaciones que continúan hoy en día en América Latina y el Caribe: un continente al que le han robado más que sus riquezas naturales: a sus pueblos le ha sido negado su memoria colectiva y su verdadera identidad.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Latinoamérica es una de las regiones del mundo  más diversas linguísticamente. Tiene el 43% de las 249 lenguas independientes que existen. Para darse cuenta de nuestra gran diversidad y riqueza cultural cabe indicar que – apesar de 500 años de opresión política y cultural de los indígenas-  hoy en día  existen unos 700 idiomas indígenas, que provienen de  56 familias idiomáticas y 73 idiomas aislados. En México, por ejemplo, se hablan  249 lenguas. En comparación en Europa solamente hay 2 familias idiomáticas (Indo-Europea y Finno-ugric) y un idioma aislado (Vasco).[iii]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;El idioma Quechua es el más hablado, con unos 8-12 millones de parlantes seguido por el Guaraní, con unos 2-3 millones.[iv] Sin embargo, las lenguas  están en peligro de desaparecer. Algunos países ahora han declarado algunas como lenguas oficiales: en Perú, el Quechua; en Paraguay, el Guaraní; en Bolivia, Quechua y Aymara y en Venezuela, 29 idiomas indígenas son lenguas oficiales. Nuestros pueblos indígenas han sido históricamente desprotegidos, sus derechos a su identidad, tierras y culturas pisoteadas. Si tenemos una pizca de honor, le debemos al menos su reconocimiento.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;En lo personal, soy un compendio de nuestra historia. Hablo el bello idioma de Cervantes es cierto, pero por honor a mi sangre indígena, sangre esclava,  sangre de los heroes patriótas en mi familia que lucharon por la Independencia, en reparación por los desmanes de mis antepasados españoles, y en solidaridad con los pueblos indígenas, no me llamen Hispana. Soy Latinoamericana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(La autora es socióloga venezolana, miembro del Círculo Bolivariano Louis Riel/HOV de Toronto, y del Consejo Nacional De Mujeres Latinoamericanas y Del Caribe en Canadá) &lt;br /&gt;[i] Bartolomé de las Casas, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de Las Indias, 1552, Ediciones Presidencia de la Republica, Caracas, 2003&lt;br /&gt;[ii] Fernando Baez, El saqueo cultural de America Latina, Random House, 2008, p. 31, 39&lt;br /&gt;[iii] Kaufman, 1994; Sherser, 1991;Campbell, 1997; www.ethnologue.com&lt;br /&gt;[iv] www.ailla.utexas.org/site/la_langs.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-787047706808281665?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/787047706808281665/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/soy-latinoamericana-no-hispana-por.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/787047706808281665'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/787047706808281665'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/soy-latinoamericana-no-hispana-por.html' title='Soy Latinoamericana, no Hispana - Por: María Páez de Victor, MA, PhD'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-6323914279732451142</id><published>2011-03-21T15:44:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-21T15:44:29.936-07:00</updated><title type='text'>DECLARACIÓN  DÍA MUNDIAL CONTRA LA GUERRA Y DE SOLIDARIDAD CON LA RESISTENCIA Y LUCHAS DE LOS PUEBLOS POR SU EMANCIPACIÓN Y AUTODETERMINACIÓN</title><content type='html'>DECLARACIÓN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DÍA MUNDIAL CONTRA LA GUERRA Y DE SOLIDARIDAD CON LA RESISTENCIA Y LUCHAS DE LOS PUEBLOS POR SU EMANCIPACIÓN Y AUTODETERMINACIÓN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los acontecimientos ocurridos en las últimas semanas en varios países del Medio Oriente y del Norte de África, expresan una vez más la voluntad y capacidad de los pueblos para rebelarse ante los embates de políticas que los han privado de sus derechos fundamentales a la emancipación, la prosperidad y la justicia social. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Realidades nacionales propias desencadenaron reacciones revolucionarias en Túnez, Egipto, Libia, Bahrein, Yemen y otros países de esa región, las que mal intencionadamente han sido manipuladas por los grandes medios al servicio de los intereses imperialistas, trascendiendo el ámbito estrictamente político y poniendo al descubierto nuevamente el trasfondo de las claras pretensiones de hegemonismo económico y geopolítico que les anima y sus prácticas de saqueo, particularmente asociadas al control de importantes reservas petrolíferas que se atesoran por esa área geográfica.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Las organizaciones cubanas que nos vinculamos al proceso del Foro Social Mundial y otros espacios de las luchas sociales globales, nos identificamos con los sentimientos de paz y la búsqueda de soluciones pacificas soberanas a los conflictos; somos opuestas a toda expresión de guerra, al genocidio, y a las injusticias sociales; condenamos la criminalización de las protestas sociales, abogamos por el respeto a la vida como elemental derecho humano y nos solidarizamos con quienes defienden el derecho a su autodeterminación y a emanciparse por si mismos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reprobamos se aliente la violencia contra pueblos que defienden y promulgan sus derechos a la emancipación, así como las amenaza de las potencias occidentales, encabezadas por los Estados Unidos, a hacer uso de la fuerza a través de instrumentos militaristas como la OTAN. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Condenamos enérgicamente la agresión que acaba de consumarse contra Libia, tras la aprobación de la llamada zona de exclusión aérea por parte del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas. Esta nueva y criminal escalada militar constituye una inaceptable injerencia imperialista que pone en riesgo la vida de miles de personas inocentes, provocará cuantiosos daños materiales, y complicará aún más la situación de grave inestabilidad que vive la región.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nos sumamos a las numerosas voces de los movimientos sociales que hoy, 20 de marzo de 2011, en el octavo aniversario de la agresión imperialista y ocupación de Iraq, se alzarán en todo el mundo para condenar la violencia contra los pueblos en lucha y resistencia, en respuesta al llamado que hiciera recientemente en Dakar, Senegal, la Asamblea Mundial de los Movimientos Sociales. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Solidaridad con los pueblos que luchan en defensa de sus derechos nacionales frente a los que ostentan todos los privilegios!, como ha afirmado nuestro Comandante en Jefe, compañero Fidel Castro.&lt;br /&gt;No a la guerra y la intervención imperialista!&lt;br /&gt;Sólo unidos, Venceremos!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-6323914279732451142?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/6323914279732451142/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/declaracion-dia-mundial-contra-la.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6323914279732451142'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6323914279732451142'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/declaracion-dia-mundial-contra-la.html' title='DECLARACIÓN  DÍA MUNDIAL CONTRA LA GUERRA Y DE SOLIDARIDAD CON LA RESISTENCIA Y LUCHAS DE LOS PUEBLOS POR SU EMANCIPACIÓN Y AUTODETERMINACIÓN'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-4817456837211407319</id><published>2011-03-09T05:36:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-09T05:36:49.770-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Presidente Chávez homenajeó a las mujeres venezolanas</title><content type='html'>Presidente Chávez homenajeó a las mujeres venezolanas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mujeres han obtenido nuevos espacios durante la Revolución Bolivariana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; “El amor que alberga el corazón de una Mujer es fuerza sublime para salvar la Causa Humana. ¡Son ustedes la Vanguardia de esta Batalla!”, expresó ayer martes vía Twitter el presidente Hugo Chávez Frías en el contexto del Día Internacional de la Mujer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Rindo tributo a las mujeres del mundo y a las mujeres de mi Patria. ¡Adelante! ¡Vivan las Mujeres!”, agregó. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La mujer ha ocupado un lugar protagónico en Venezuela, sobre todo con la llegada de la Revolución Bolivariana:  En los últimos 12 se ha tejido toda una red de organizaciones que brinda protección a las féminas y garantiza el cumplimiento de sus derechos mediante la propia Constitución y diversas leyes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;También se han creado instituciones como el Banco de la Mujer, el Instituto Nacional de la Mujer y el Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Mujer e Igualdad de Género, creado en marzo de 2009 y que inicialmente -desde 2008- fue Ministerio de Estado para Asuntos de la Mujer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El Día Internacional de la Mujer se celebra en Venezuela desde el 8 de marzo de 1944 y su origen se remonta al1910 en Copenhague (Dinamarca), donde se celebró la segunda Conferencia Mundial de Mujeres Socialistas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Espacios de acción&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Durante los 12 años de gestión revolucionaria, la mujer venezolana ha logrado recuperar y ampliar sus espacios en los ámbitos político, económico, social y cultural, así como incorporarse con éxito a las Misiones socialistas para la construcción de un mejor país.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Así lo señaló ayer la ministra para la Mujer y la Igualdad de Género, Nancy Pérez, quien indicó que 70% de las personas que integran las Misiones socialistas son mujeres, quienes se han incorporado en la lucha para alcanzar la equidad e igualdad de género.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Uno de los logros más importantes que hemos alcanzado en Revolución es que los venezolanos están conscientes de la capacidad que tiene la mujer para abordar con éxito todos los espacios”, dijo durante su participación en la celebración del Día Internacional de la Mujer y de las fiestas carnestolendas organizadas por el Gobierno del Distrito Capital en el Paseo Los Próceres (suroeste de Caracas).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En ese sentido, destacó que un nutrido grupo de féminas se disfrazó de Josefa Camejo, Manuela Sáenz y Juana Ramírez “La Avanzadora”, entre otras heroínas que participaron en el proceso independentista de Venezuela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Este día estamos rindiendo homenaje a esas mujeres valientes y aguerridas que dieron su vida por nuestra patria y por alcanzar la libertad. Para nosotras es importante recordar de dónde vinimos y nuestros ancestros para saber hacia dónde vamos”, señaló .&lt;br /&gt;Prensa Presidencial / AVN (Miércoles 09/03/2011)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-4817456837211407319?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/4817456837211407319/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/presidente-chavez-homenajeo-las-mujeres.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/4817456837211407319'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/4817456837211407319'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/presidente-chavez-homenajeo-las-mujeres.html' title='Presidente Chávez homenajeó a las mujeres venezolanas'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-3609088340995839400</id><published>2011-03-08T04:31:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-08T04:32:21.931-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='COMUNICADO PARTIDO TRABAJADORAS'/><title type='text'>DIA INTERNACIONAL DE LA MUJER</title><content type='html'>COMUNICADO DEL PT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DIA INTERNACIONAL DE LA MUJER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;¡Lucha Mujer!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   El&lt;br /&gt;8 de marzo nos encuentra con suficientes razones para hacer de este día&lt;br /&gt;una jornada de lucha y de denuncia sobre la situación de explotación &lt;br /&gt;capitalista y opresión patriarcal que soportan miles de mujeres en &lt;br /&gt;nuestro país y en el mundo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A&lt;br /&gt;través de décadas de lucha las mujeres han conquistado derechos &lt;br /&gt;políticos y una legislación que contemple los derechos de la mujer, sin &lt;br /&gt;embargo, la situación de la mujer trabajadora sigue teñida de &lt;br /&gt;dramatismo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A&lt;br /&gt;nivel urbano, las mujeres trabajadoras están con los trabajos más &lt;br /&gt;precarios y con bajos salarios, la brecha salarial con respecto al &lt;br /&gt;hombre es del 30% en todos los ámbitos laborales. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En&lt;br /&gt;las últimas décadas las mujeres entraron masivamente al mercado &lt;br /&gt;laboral, sin embargo la tasa de desempleo es mayor en las mujeres. 40% &lt;br /&gt;de las mujeres tienen problemas de empleo y El 56 % de las mujeres &lt;br /&gt;jóvenes de 15 a 29 años tienen desempleo abierto. Por otra parte el 58% &lt;br /&gt;de los “microempresarios individuales” son mujeres, verdadero trabajo &lt;br /&gt;informal, sin ningún tipo de seguridad social, donde el segmento &lt;br /&gt;femenino es el de mayor pobreza.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El&lt;br /&gt;trabajo doméstico remunerado es una actividad laboral que absorbe un &lt;br /&gt;porcentaje importante de la población femenina ocupada, este sector &lt;br /&gt;tiene inclusive una discriminación legal y el salario es 50% menor al &lt;br /&gt;salario promedio.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Las&lt;br /&gt;trabajadoras asalariadas deben soportar, además, las humillantes y &lt;br /&gt;odiosas situaciones acoso y asedio sexual y moral, por parte de los &lt;br /&gt;jefes y lamentablemente también de compañeros de trabajo. Estos casos &lt;br /&gt;son escasamente denunciados,  ya que no se cuenta con leyes adecuadas y &lt;br /&gt;el proceso está plagado de hechos y que re victimizan a las &lt;br /&gt;denunciantes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En el sector rural, las&lt;br /&gt;mujeres campesinas que participan de todo el ciclo productivo, nos son &lt;br /&gt;consideradas actividades económicas y por ende no existe correspondencia&lt;br /&gt;entre su participación y el acceso a los recursos productivos. Según &lt;br /&gt;datos oficiales, del 48% de las mujeres rurales que trabajan sólo el 23%&lt;br /&gt;reciben remuneración y por la misma actividad recibe un salario el 50% &lt;br /&gt;inferior al del hombre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por&lt;br /&gt;otra parte, los principales problemas que enfrentan las campesinas se &lt;br /&gt;encuentran el acceso a crédito, la falta de tierra, los bajos precios, &lt;br /&gt;la falta de mercados y la falta de capacitación.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A&lt;br /&gt;raíz del modelo agroexportador y de monocultivo extensivo, la aguda &lt;br /&gt;situación de la mujer campesina llega a niveles dramáticos, más de 20 millones de litros de agroquímicos son vertidos cada año en territorio paraguayo. Las poblaciones campesinas e indígenas anexas a las plantaciones de soja sufren la contaminación de los ríos y pozos de agua, la muerte de animales y la destrucción de cultivos de subsistencia. Cáncer, afecciones del sistema nervioso, malformaciones fetales y debilitamiento del sistema inmunológico son, actualmente, enfermedades habituales en el campo paraguayo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No hay salida para las mujeres dentro del capitalismo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Las&lt;br /&gt;mujeres siempre hemos participado de las luchas de nuestro pueblo, &lt;br /&gt;desde los inicios de la lucha sindical ya estuvieron presente las &lt;br /&gt;mujeres, de los datos que disponemos dan cuenta que en 1913 se &lt;br /&gt;organizaron sindicalmente las primeras mujeres obreras, las cartoneras, &lt;br /&gt;perfumistas unidas, las cigarreras, las costureras unidas. En 1818 el &lt;br /&gt;Centro de Vendedoras del Mercado Central de Asunción, realiza la primera&lt;br /&gt;huelga protagonizada por mujeres. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A&lt;br /&gt;nivel campesino, las mujeres han estado codo a codo en las ocupaciones &lt;br /&gt;de tierra, en los reclamos por mejores precios y actualmente por el &lt;br /&gt;reclamo de protección al medio ambiente y la lucha por mantener la &lt;br /&gt;comunidad campesina. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heredamos&lt;br /&gt;una historia, muchas veces oculta, de organización y lucha. Desde el &lt;br /&gt;Partido de los Trabajadores consideramos que sólo de esa manera es &lt;br /&gt;posible superar las condiciones precarias y decantes que nos ofrece el &lt;br /&gt;capitalismo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por&lt;br /&gt;eso consideramos que la mejor manera de conmemorar el 8 de marzo, es &lt;br /&gt;haciendo un llamado a las mujeres a sindicalizarse, a unirse a las &lt;br /&gt;organizaciones que luchan por tierra, por condiciones de vida digna a &lt;br /&gt;nivel campesino y popular y por sobre todo luchar por una sociedad sin explotación y sin opresiones. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para&lt;br /&gt;la mujer trabajadora no hay salida dentro del capitalismo. No  hay &lt;br /&gt;liberación de la mujer sin el triunfo de la revolución socialista y no &lt;br /&gt;habrá revolución socialista sin la incorporación a la lucha de la mujer &lt;br /&gt;trabajadora. Llamamos a todas las mujeres trabajadoras y pobres de la &lt;br /&gt;ciudad y del campo, a luchar, junto a nuestra clase, por nuestra &lt;br /&gt;liberación y por la sociedad en la que hombres y mujeres podamos vivir &lt;br /&gt;libres y felices, sin ningún tipo de opresión, explotación y &lt;br /&gt;desigualdad, la sociedad socialista. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comité Ejecutivo Nacional&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Asunción, 30 de enero de 2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contacto:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gloria Bareiro: 0992 433 106&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DECLARACION DE LA LIT(CI)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;       ¡Viva la revolución árabe!&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;       ¡Viva la lucha de todas las trabajadoras del mundo!&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saludamos las luchas de la mujeres trabajadoras de todo el&lt;br /&gt;mundo, en especial a las  que han estado,&lt;br /&gt;y están siendo, protagonistas  de la&lt;br /&gt;revolución árabe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los medios masivos de comunicación, cuando se refieren a las&lt;br /&gt;mujeres de estas regiones, siempre nos hablan de los terribles abusos que&lt;br /&gt;sufren: lapidación, mutilación genital. Pero nada nos dicen de la lucha que&lt;br /&gt;estas mujeres vienen desarrollando, desde hace mucho, en defensa de sus&lt;br /&gt;derechos. Hoy, al calor de la revolución, las vemos en toda su magnitud, participando&lt;br /&gt;en los enfrentamientos, no como una entidad separada, sino como compañeras de&lt;br /&gt;lucha de los hombres que se rebelan contra los regímenes totalitarios de Ben&lt;br /&gt;Alí,  Mubarac y  Gadafi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fue un grupo de mujeres las que  comenzaron las&lt;br /&gt;protestar  contra el régimen de Ben Alí.&lt;br /&gt;Estas mujeres, entre las cuales se puede mencionar a Radhia Nasrauoi&lt;br /&gt;(presidenta de la&lt;br /&gt;Asociación Tunecina de Lucha contra la Tortura),  tuvieron que pagar  su osadía con amenazas de muerte,&lt;br /&gt;persecuciones de la&lt;br /&gt;Policía Secreta e incluso acusaciones de  sodomía, a partir de  fotomontajes &lt;br /&gt;y videos fraguados que se pasaron por Internet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y en Egipto las mujeres estuvieron en las primeras filas&lt;br /&gt;durante el derrocamiento de Mubarak.  Amel Said, una trabajadora egipcia&lt;br /&gt;explicó al periódico La Vanguardia de&lt;br /&gt;Barcelona, que su familia, (incluyendo a su marido) la instó a participar. Y dice&lt;br /&gt;que su esperanza es que “ahora las mujeres tendrán voz en los asuntos de&lt;br /&gt;Egipto”.  Las mujeres egipcias permanecieron en las calles desde el primer&lt;br /&gt;minuto de la protesta. Las ancianas proveían de agua a los que sufrían los efectos del gas lacrimógeno.&lt;br /&gt;Las madres, esposas y hermanas sujetaban las pancartas, llevaban a sus hijos a&lt;br /&gt;las manifestaciones o preparaban alimentos. &lt;br /&gt;Codo con codo, junto a los&lt;br /&gt;hombres  de su familia o a los compañeros&lt;br /&gt;de trabajo, conquistaron  la Plaza de la Liberación y allí durmieron, se pasearon con sus&lt;br /&gt;hijos a hombros y gritaron  sus demandas&lt;br /&gt;de democracia  y libertad. Fueron las 3.000 mujeres trabajadoras de la&lt;br /&gt;mayor fábrica pública textil Hilaturas Misr, situada en Mahala, las que en&lt;br /&gt;diciembre de 2006 recorrieron toda la fábrica (24.000 trabajadores) para iniciar&lt;br /&gt;la primera gran huelga que despertó al movimiento obrero egipcio. Fue esa misma&lt;br /&gt;fábrica la que organizó la huelga del 6 de abril del 2008, que dio nombre al&lt;br /&gt;movimiento que inició las movilizaciones que han tumbado a Mubarak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No&lt;br /&gt;es casual esta participación de las mujeres trabajadoras y pobres. Ellas, al&lt;br /&gt;igual que sus hermanas de occidente, sufren las consecuencias de las políticas&lt;br /&gt;capitalistas. “Yo pago 600&lt;br /&gt;libras (80 euros) al mes de alquiler y cobro 300”, decía  Umm Yasir,&lt;br /&gt;una empleada estatal de 33 años.  Y&lt;br /&gt;agregaba que su esposo, también trabajador del Estado, ganaba lo mismo y con&lt;br /&gt;eso tenían que vivir ellos y sus tres hijos. Por eso, agregaba otra activista&lt;br /&gt;“vemos a muchas mujeres, islámicas o no, con velo o sin velo, uniéndose y&lt;br /&gt;ubicándose al frente de lo que pasa en la calle. Esta es la verdadera&lt;br /&gt;igualdad  y nunca volveremos al punto de&lt;br /&gt;partida”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Sólo me siento segura cuando estoy en Tahrir&lt;br /&gt;(Plaza de la Liberación)”,&lt;br /&gt;decían muchas mujeres, “en estos días de revolución nadie nos tocado, ni&lt;br /&gt;acosado, nos sentimos una más”  Y ese era&lt;br /&gt;un producto de la revolución, muy importante a destacar ya que no tiene nada&lt;br /&gt;que ver con la realidad cotidiana de estas mujeres. En Egipto, según un estudio&lt;br /&gt;del Centro Egipcio para los Derechos de&lt;br /&gt;las Mujeres,  el 83 % de las mujeres&lt;br /&gt;locales y el 98% de las extranjeras son hostigadas sexualmente y hay un caso de&lt;br /&gt;abuso sexual o violación cada 30 minutos, ocasionando 20 mil víctimas al año. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estas mujeres que vienen soportando siglos de opresión nos&lt;br /&gt;están dando un gran ejemplo. Pero no son las únicas que están en la lucha.   Mujeres trabajadoras  y jóvenes &lt;br /&gt;estudiantes de  Francia, Grecia,&lt;br /&gt;España, Italia, Portugal, Inglaterra participan activamente de luchas de&lt;br /&gt;resistencia que sacuden al viejo continente. Las vemos peleando por empleo,&lt;br /&gt;salario, condiciones de trabajo y defensa de los derechos humanos en los países&lt;br /&gt;latinoamericanos, Cuba incluida.   Y son&lt;br /&gt;protagonistas también, del despertar del proletariado yanqui, como se ve en las&lt;br /&gt;movilizaciones de Wisconsin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La mujer y la crisis&lt;br /&gt;capitalista.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La crisis que tiene su epicentro en Europa y&lt;br /&gt;EE.UU, golpea especialmente a los sectores más frágiles del proletariado, las&lt;br /&gt;mujeres y los inmigrantes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los recortes  en la salud y educación, hace que suba el&lt;br /&gt;desempleo en las mujeres, las que además sufren la rebaja de los servicios&lt;br /&gt;destinados a la maternidad. Una situación parecida se da&lt;br /&gt;en los EE.UU., donde la mujer ocupa la mayoría de los puestos de trabajo en la&lt;br /&gt;educación y donde la&lt;br /&gt;Secretaría de Educación, en el 2010, estimaba que los cortes del&lt;br /&gt;presupuesto ponían en peligro cerca de 300 mil puestos de trabajo en las&lt;br /&gt;escuelas públicas. Y esto se tiene que ver en el marco de que cerca de un&lt;br /&gt;tercio de las mujeres trabajadoras norteamericanas son jefes de familia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y esta realidad se&lt;br /&gt;hace aún más grave cuando se trata de la mujer inmigrante, Ella es discriminada  como trabajadora, como mujer y como inmigrante.&lt;br /&gt;Las leyes de&lt;br /&gt;inmigración convierte la vida de los inmigrantes, hombres y mujeres, en un&lt;br /&gt;infierno. La conocida como la “Ley de la vergüenza”  aprobada por la Comisión Europea&lt;br /&gt;en junio del 2008, permite encarcelar al inmigrante sin papeles durante 18&lt;br /&gt;meses &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Una denuncia &lt;br /&gt;de  Médicos sin Fronteras saca a&lt;br /&gt;la luz la violencia sexual sufrida por mujeres subsaharianas, detenidas en&lt;br /&gt;Marruecos cuando intentaban llegar a &lt;br /&gt;Europa. Entre mayo de  2009 y enero de  de 2010, una de cada tres mujeres atendidas&lt;br /&gt;por  Médicos Sin Frontera, en Rabat y&lt;br /&gt;Casablanca, admitió haber sufrido uno o varios ataques sexuales, estando fuera&lt;br /&gt;de su país de origen. El documento de denuncia concluye  diciendo que: “el uso de la violencia sexual&lt;br /&gt;se convierte así en una de las prácticas violentas más habituales contra la&lt;br /&gt;mujer en el marco del fenómeno migratorio. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EL aumento de la violencia conra la&lt;br /&gt;mujer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La&lt;br /&gt;crisis económica, el desempleo, la falta de perspectivas,  agudiza la violencia conra la mujer. El&lt;br /&gt;estudio ¿La crisis invisible?,&lt;br /&gt;rebela  el aumento de  víctimas de violencia doméstica en Bulgaria,&lt;br /&gt;Estonia, Irlanda, Holanda, Escocia, Rumania y &lt;br /&gt;Eslovaquia; aumento del tráfico de mujeres en Alemanha, Hungria y Reino&lt;br /&gt;Unido, y un aumento de la protitución y de ataque a prostitutas en Alemanha y&lt;br /&gt;Reino Unido. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em Portugal, en 2010, murieron 43 mujeres&lt;br /&gt;víctimas de violencia doméstica. En Francia una mujer es asesinada cada tres&lt;br /&gt;días en casos de violencia domética. En &lt;br /&gt;Italia  se estima que 6,7% de las&lt;br /&gt;mujeres sufrieron violencia física y sexual a lo largo de su vida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estos números crecen en los países latinoamericanos.&lt;br /&gt;En el Brasil cada 15 segundos una mujer es víctima de la violencia y  existe una tasa de   3,9 mujeres asesinadas cada 100 mil&lt;br /&gt;habitantes. En El Salvador esa tasa sube a 12,7. Esa  violencia aunmenta cuando se trata de mujeres&lt;br /&gt;lesbianas y mujeres indígeneas que sufren &lt;br /&gt;abusos y ataques sexuales por parte de militares, contrabandistas y&lt;br /&gt;traficantes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y la mayor violencia viene de parte de los&lt;br /&gt;estados latinoamericanos que, al seguirse negando a legalizar el aborto,&lt;br /&gt;condenan a la muerte o a la mutilición a una enorme cantidad  de jóvenes mujeres trabajadoras y pobres.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;¿Por qué&lt;br /&gt;luchan la mujeres?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Millones de mujeres mueren cada día víctima de la violencia doméstica, de abortos&lt;br /&gt;clandestinos, de violaciones, de hambre y miseria. Millones de trabajadoras&lt;br /&gt;sufren discriminación laboral,  reciben&lt;br /&gt;menor salario por igual trabajo,  sufren&lt;br /&gt;acoso sexual, son despedidas sin piedad cuando quedan embarazadas. Millones de&lt;br /&gt;mujeres se vuelven parias porque no tienen estudio, ni trabajo, muchas ni&lt;br /&gt;siquiera documentos. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contra esa realidad luchan las mujeres. Por eso participan  en la revolución árabe, en la resistencia&lt;br /&gt;europea, en las diferentes luchas de los trabajadores y pobres de Latinoamérica.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desde la LIT-CI&lt;br /&gt;hacemos llegar nuestra solidaridad a las mujeres árabes y a todas las&lt;br /&gt;trabajadoras que están enfrentando las políticas capitalistas y peleando por&lt;br /&gt;sus derechos democráticos, como la legalización del aborto. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esas luchas  son muy importantes y&lt;br /&gt;extremadamente necesarias. Pero no son suficientes. Para lograr la&lt;br /&gt;verdadera  liberación de la mujer, es&lt;br /&gt;necesario acabar con esta sociedad en la que unos pocos viven de la explotación&lt;br /&gt;a las grandes mayorías. Debemos reemplazar esta &lt;br /&gt;sociedad injusta por una igualitaria y solidaria, la sociedad socialista&lt;br /&gt;que sólo podremos comenzar a construir a partir de que los trabajadores (hombres&lt;br /&gt;y mujeres)  tomen el poder político en&lt;br /&gt;todos los países del mundo y derroten definitivamente al imperialismo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desde la LIT-CI&lt;br /&gt;llamamos a todas las trabajadoras, a las jóvenes estudiantes, a las mujeres&lt;br /&gt;pobres de la ciudad y del campo, a sumarse a la lucha por esa nueva sociedad  y a la tarea de construir la dirección&lt;br /&gt;revolucionaria mundial que nos permita lograr ese objetivo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Secretaría&lt;br /&gt;Internacional de la Mujer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Liga&lt;br /&gt;Internacional de los Trabajadores- IV Internacional&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;de&lt;br /&gt;marzo de 2011&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-3609088340995839400?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/3609088340995839400/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/dia-internacional-de-la-mujer.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/3609088340995839400'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/3609088340995839400'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/dia-internacional-de-la-mujer.html' title='DIA INTERNACIONAL DE LA MUJER'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-6607318842929040637</id><published>2011-03-07T07:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-07T08:23:45.709-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='libia y luchas de los pueblos'/><title type='text'>Comunicado del Polo Mosca - LIBIA: Solidaridad con el pueblo sin injerencia del capital transnacional</title><content type='html'>Comunicado del Polo Mosca - LIBIA: Solidaridad con el pueblo sin injerencia del capital transnacional&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Libia: Solidaridad con el pueblo sin injerencia del capital transnacional&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Precisamente porque respaldamos las luchas de los pueblos por su emancipación ante dictadores y ante un sistema oprobioso basado en el despojo y la explotación, apoyamos al pueblo de Libia en su lucha por su libertad, al mismo tiempo que rechazamos cualquier acción militar o cualquier intervención en cualquier ámbito que tenga como propósito aprovechar y sacar ventaja de la lucha popular de emancipación contra la dictadura, para avanzar los intereses del Capital transnacional. Desde esta perspectiva ética, rechazamos una intervención militar de la OTAN o de los EEUU, así como la propaganda para justificarla en nombre de un pueblo al que no representan y al que han contribuido a someter, despojar y explotar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al tiempo que exigimos la inmediata suspensión de la injerencia de las potencias y del Capital transnacional en Libia, nos sumamos a convocar expresiones y acciones de solidaridad inmediatas y urgentes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Polo Mosca&lt;br /&gt;Polo Democrático Alternativo&lt;br /&gt;Canada&lt;br /&gt;Mars 2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;English&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Libya: Solidarity with the people without the interference of transnational capital&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Precisely because we support the popular struggles for emancipation from dictators facing a hideous system based on dispossession and exploitation, we support the people of Libya in their struggle for liberty. At the same time we reject any military action or intervention by those whose intent is to take advantage of the popular struggle for emancipation from the dictator to advance the interests of transnational capital. From this ethical perspective we reject a military intervention by NATO or the US as well as the propaganda to justify these interventions in the name of a people they do not represent and to whose dispossession, exploitation, and oppression they have contributed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We demand an immediate halt to interference of the powers at the service of transnational capital in Libya and invite immediate, urgent expressions and actions of solidarity with the people of Libya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Polo Mosca&lt;br /&gt;Polo Democrático Alternativo&lt;br /&gt;Canada&lt;br /&gt;March 2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Français&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lybie : Solidarité avec le peuple sans ingérence du capital transnational&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Parce que, précisément, nous soutenons les luttes des peuples pour leur émancipation face aux dictateurs et face à un système ignominieux basé sur le vol et l’exploitation, nous sommes à la fois solidaires avec le peuple de Lybie dans sa lutte pour la liberté et opposés à toute action militaire ou intervention quelle qu’elle soit, dont l’objectif serait de profiter et d’utiliser la lutte populaire d’émancipation contre la dictature pour faire avancer les intérêts du Capital transnational. Avec cette perspective éthique, nous refusons le principe d’une intervention militaire de l’OTAN ou des Etats-Unis et la propagande qui la justifie, au nom d’un peuple qu’ils ne représentent pas et qu’ils ont contribué à soumettre, voler et exploiter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous exigeons donc la suspension immédiate de l’ingérence des puissances et du Capital transnational en Lybie et nous nous associons pour appeler à des expressions et des actions de solidarité immédiates et urgentes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Polo Mosca&lt;br /&gt;Pôle Démocratique Alternatif&lt;br /&gt;Canada&lt;br /&gt;Mars 2011&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-6607318842929040637?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/6607318842929040637/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/comunicado-del-polo-mosca-libia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6607318842929040637'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6607318842929040637'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2011/03/comunicado-del-polo-mosca-libia.html' title='Comunicado del Polo Mosca - LIBIA: Solidaridad con el pueblo sin injerencia del capital transnacional'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-3849656034806921031</id><published>2010-12-08T11:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-12-08T11:47:07.198-08:00</updated><title type='text'>DECLARATION for Environmental Justice  ENDORSED BY LATINA@S</title><content type='html'>Texto en Español&lt;br /&gt;DECLARACION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Red Latinoamericana y el Caribe de Solidaridad&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;En el día internacional de acción y apoyo al movimiento social que converge hoy 7 de Diciembre 2010 en Cancún prosiguiendo en su lucha por la Justicia ambiental y en contra de las actividades que producen el cambio climático, manifiesta:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;- Su total apoyo y acompañamiento a los acuerdos de Cochabamba sobre el  &lt;br /&gt;  Medio Ambiente.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Por el respeto de los derechos ancestrales de los pueblos indígenas sobre sus territorios, sus culturas y sus luchas por el respeto a la madre tierra.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Demanda al Gobierno del Primer Ministro Stephen Harper asumir su responsabilidad por el deterioro ambiental del cual Canadá es parte responsable.&lt;br /&gt;Así mismo condena la forma anti-democrática en que fue vetada la proyecto de Ley C-311 referente al cambio climático.&lt;br /&gt;De la misma manera manifiesta su condena por el apoyo brindado a las compañías mineras en particular, al desechar la proyecto de ley C-300 que pretendía que las antes mencionadas compañías, fueran sujeto de penalidad judicial por daños al medio ambiente y la violación de los derechos humanos como consecuencia de sus operaciones.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Texto en Inglés &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statement  BY &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN SOLIDARITY NETWORK OF TORONTO &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the occasion of the International Day of Action and Support for the Social Movements which converge today December 7th 2010 in Cancun,  and continuing the struggle for Environmental Justice and against activities that result in climate changes, declares:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Unconditional support and commitment to the Cochabamba Accords on the environment.&lt;br /&gt;- Respect for the ancestral rights of aboriginal peoples over their territories, their cultures and their struggles for respect of Mother Earth.&lt;br /&gt;- Demand that the Administration of Prime Minister Stephen Harper assumes its responsibility for the damage caused by Canada to the environment.&lt;br /&gt;- Condemn the anti-democratic approach by which the proposal for Bill C-311 on climate control was vetoed, and&lt;br /&gt;- Condemn the government’s support to mining companies; most especially its dismissal of Bill C-300 which provided judicial penalties that could hold these companies liable for the damage that they could cause to the environment and the violation of human rights as a result of their unregulated practices.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-3849656034806921031?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/3849656034806921031/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/12/declaration-for-environmental-justice.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/3849656034806921031'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/3849656034806921031'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/12/declaration-for-environmental-justice.html' title='DECLARATION for Environmental Justice  ENDORSED BY LATINA@S'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-6495907351032026329</id><published>2010-11-20T12:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-11-20T12:10:28.354-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desafíos del Mundo Contemporáneo'/><title type='text'>Declaración final del III encuentro Internacional Civilización o Barbárie  Noviembre 8 de 2010</title><content type='html'>Declaración final del III encuentro Internacional Civilización o Barbárie&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Noviembre 8 de 2010 &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reunidos en la ciudad portuguesa de Serpa, los participantes en el III Encuentro Internacional Civilización o Barbarie – Desafíos del Mundo Contemporáneo:&lt;br /&gt;-Lanzan un alerta frente al agravamiento de la crisis global del sistema capitalista.&lt;br /&gt;- Constatan que por la evolución de esa crisis –social, financiera, económica, militar, energética, cultural y ambiental- el capitalismo, en su escalada de agresividad, se torno un factor de regresión absoluta de la civilización, amenazando la propia continuidad de la vida en la Tierra.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Subrayan que los EEUU, nucleo  del sistema, optaron por una estratégia de terrorismo de Estado que asume ya matices genocidas en sus guerras asiáticas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Identifican en la Unión Europea un bloque político-económico-militar al servicio del capital monopolista, empeñado en imponer, a través del llamado Tratado Constitucional, un refuerzo de la integración capitalista, profundizando su carácter federalista, neoliberal y militarista.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saludan la resistencia de los pueblos europeos a la ofensiva en curso contra sus derechos y garantías, contra las soberanías nacionales y la democracia, ofensiva que promueve el desempleo y la pauperización, favorece al gran capital y suprime derechos laborales y sociales, sobre todo en los sectores de Salud, de la Educación, de la Seguridad Social, destruyendo conquistas históricas de los trabajadores y afectando con particular violencia a las mujeres trabajadoras. Las gigantescas manifestaciones de protesta en Francia, España, Italia, Portugal  y en Grecia confirman que la radicalización de la lucha de masas, como respuesta a la violencia del sistema se amplía a nivel continental.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Condenan las guerras imperiales que afectan a los pueblos de Iraq y de Afganistán, agredidos y ocupados, y los monstruosos crímenes allí cometidos por las fuerzas armadas de los EEUU y la OTAN, con la aprobación y complicidad del Gobierno Portugués; denuncian como farsa los calendarios de retirada de las tropas invasoras; advierten que auténticos ejércitos mercenarios se comportan en la región como hordas fascistas; y saludan la resistencia de los pueblos iraquí y afgano en lucha por la libertad e independencia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Manifiestan su solidaridad con el pueblo mártir de Palestina y el pueblo de Líbano en su combate heroico contra el sionismo neofascista. Denuncian el Tribunal Especial de las Naciones Unidas sobre Líbano como mero auxiliar de los EEUU y de Israel.  Denuncian la hipocresía de la falsa política de paz del gobierno de Obama, aliado incondicional del Sionismo y del Estado terrorista de Israel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Advierten contra el peligro de una agresión inminente de los EEUU y de Israel al pueblo de Irán –agresión que podría ser el prologo de una III Guerra Mundial - y denuncian la campaña de desinformación montada para deformar la imagen de aquella nación que fue origen de grandes civilizaciones.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Alertan frente a la política de cerco militar y de guerra fría que los EEUU conducen contra la República Popular de China.&lt;br /&gt;- Condenan las intervenciones militares directas e indirectas del imperialismo estadounidense en América Latina; denuncian el regreso de la IV Flota de la US Navy a las aguas sudamericanas y la instalación de 7 nuevas bases norteamericanas en Colombia y reclaman la clausura de todas las existentes en el Continente, incluyendo la de Guantánamo, ocupada ilegalmente en Cuba.&lt;br /&gt;- Denuncian la participación del gobierno de los EEUU, a través de la CIA y del Pentágono, en el golpe de estado en Honduras y en la fracasada intentona en Ecuador y saludan las conquistas democráticas y las medidas anti-imperialistas alcanzadas por los gobiernos progresistas de Evo Morales en Bolivia y Rafael Correa en Ecuador.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Saludan la lucha, valiente y difícil, de un porcentaje creciente de ciudadanos norteamericanos contra los engranajes de un sistema de poder cuya ambición e irracionalidad configuran amenazas para la humanidad y señalan que las esperanzas suscitadas por la elección de Barack Obama se desvanecen a medida que se vuelve evidente que el nuevo presidente da continuidad en lo fundamental a la política exterior de George Bush –agravándose igualmente, como sucede en Afganistán y en América Latina-  y, en el plano interno actúa como aliado del capital contra los trabajadores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Saludan calurosamente al pueblo de Venezuela por los avances realizados en el desenvolvimiento de la Revolución Bolivariana, y por la firmeza frente al imperialismo estadounidense y en la defensa del proyecto de construcción de una sociedad socialista. &lt;br /&gt;- Reclaman el fin del bloqueo impuesto a Cuba por los EEUU y de la  “Posición Común de la UE”, ambos instrumentos del imperialismo.  Subrayan que la Revolución Socialista y la heroica resistencia de su pueblo a medio siglo de guerra no declarada, fue factor decisivo para el fortalecimiento en todo el Continente de la resistencia al imperialismo norteamericano. Sin esa resistencia, los avances revolucionarios registrados en Venezuela no habrían sido posibles, ni la emergencia de gobiernos progresistas en otros países.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Saludan las primeras manifestaciones de la clase obrera y de los trabajadores de Rusia contra la explotación desencadenada por la restauración capitalista en curso en ese país.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Saludan la campaña internacional “Gaza Libre” por el levantamiento del criminal bloqueo de Gaza.&lt;br /&gt;- Condenan los crímenes cometidos por el gobierno de Uribe Vélez en Colombia, en los cuales desempeñó importante papel el actual presidente Juan Manuel Santos y recuerdan que la solidaridad de la Unión Europea con el régimen neofascista colombiano dificulta una solución negociada para el conflicto existente en aquel país por el cual su pueblo viene valientemente luchando. Expresan su solidaridad con la Senadora Piedad Córdoba y las víctimas del terrorismo de Estado.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Constatan que el crecimiento económico capitalista, basado en el aumento del consumo, moviliza flujos colosales de materiales y de energía, causando la degradación y el agotamiento de recursos finitos –destacadamente el Petróleo que en este momento está alcanzando el nivel máximo de producción posible-  amenazando los procesos de renovación natural. Al contrario del bienestar de las poblaciones, el crecimiento económico capitalista desfigura así la relación armoniosa del Hombre con la Tierra que habita y que es patrimonio común de la humanidad, destruyendo el ambiente necesario a la vida y los recursos indispensables a la producción de bienes esenciales. &lt;br /&gt;-Alertan para la necesidad imperiosa del combate a la alienación de gran parte de la humanidad, envenenada por la masacre mediática de una comunicación social –controlada por el imperialismo- que desinforma y manipula, diseminando la mentira y ocultando la realidad en escala mundial. &lt;br /&gt;- Llaman al refuerzo de la defensa de la diversidad cultural y de la resistencia cultural y lingüística contra la hegemonización y la colonización del espacio mediático, comercial, cultural, científico por parte de la expresión anglo-sajona, en tanto “lengua de trabajo” del imperialismo. &lt;br /&gt;- Proclaman la convicción de que el marxismo – y en particular su núcleo fundador basado en la obra de Marx y Engels- continúan ocupando un lugar central entre las referencias teóricas movilizadas no solamente por los comunistas sino también por los progresistas del mundo. La reapropiación y el refuerzo del marxismo, de su metodología y de sus conceptos, como pensamiento de la crítica y de la transformación del mundo, ni dogmatico ni domesticado, y la herencia del marxismo-leninismo, continúan siendo una necesidad absoluta de la lucha ideológica y en la justa definición de la estrategia y la táctica de las fuerzas que se empeñen en el combate anticapitalista y antiimperialista. Contra el sistema totalitario de desinformación, de alienación y de manipulación de las masas , el marxismo-leninismo  permanece como el arma intelectual más preciosa en las manos de los trabajadores y de los pueblos que resisten y avanzan. Renunciar a él&lt;br /&gt;equivaldría a desistir de la lucha por el socialismo.- Denuncian el carácter profundamente reaccionario de las campañas de criminalización del comunismo, recuerdan las consecuencias trágicas de la desaparición de la Unión Soviética  y expresan la convicción de que el socialismo es la única alternativa al sistema capitalista que, al entrar en la fase senil, optó por una estratégia de desesperación y exterminismo, que amenaza conducir la humanidad a la barbarie. &lt;br /&gt;- Registran el significado de las conmemoraciones del I Centenario de la República Portuguesa, señalando la importancia decisiva de la participación del pueblo en la revolución del 5 de Octubre de 1910 y  en sus conquistas políticas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Constatan con alegría y esperanza la intensificación de las luchas de los trabajadores en escala mundial, bien como resistencia a las guerras de agresión, destacadamente en los EEUU, centro del sistema de dominación, y señalan que el refuerzo de la solidaridad internacionalista entre los explotados y los excluidos de todo el mundo es imprescindible a la globalización del combate contra el enemigo común: el capitalismo y el imperialismo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Serpa, 1 de Noviembre del 2010&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-6495907351032026329?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/6495907351032026329/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/11/declaracion-final-del-iii-encuentro.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6495907351032026329'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6495907351032026329'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/11/declaracion-final-del-iii-encuentro.html' title='Declaración final del III encuentro Internacional Civilización o Barbárie  Noviembre 8 de 2010'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-6731252772923182799</id><published>2010-09-23T07:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-23T07:40:54.416-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CUBAN SCHOLARS IN TORONTO MEETINGS IN OCTOBER'/><title type='text'>OCTOBER EDUCATIONS - CUBAN SCHOLARS THREE EVENTS</title><content type='html'>LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND POLITICAL THOUGHT&lt;br /&gt;PENSAMIENTO Y POLITICA LATINO AMERICANA&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;TRES EVENTOS CON ACADEMICOS CUBANOS&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;THREE EVENTS WITH CUBAN ACADEMICS&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1)    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EN ESPAÑOL  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt; October  4th  &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 7  a 9:30 PM – &lt;br /&gt;Bahen Centre  - University of Toronto&lt;br /&gt;40 St. George Street &lt;br /&gt;Room 1170 &lt;br /&gt;        La revolución Cubana y el nuevo escenario y territorio político en América Latina – The Cuban Revolution, new scenarios and political territorios in Latin America&lt;br /&gt;presentan&lt;br /&gt;Dra. Concepción Nieves Ayus, Professor and  Director of the Instituto &lt;br /&gt;Dr. Gilberto Valdés Gutierrez, Associate Professor, Co-ordinator  of the GALFISA Research Program&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Jorge Luis Santana, Associate Professor and Researcher, Co-ordinator Program - Cuba Theory and Society  &lt;br /&gt;Dr. Humberto Miranda, Assistant Professor and Researcher with GALFISA&lt;br /&gt;Feliz Valdés García, Assistant  Professor and Researcher,  Assistant Director of the Instituto&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; En español  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;October 5th &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; 1:30 pm – 3:30 pm&lt;br /&gt;280 N York Lanes, YORK UNIVERSITY KEELE CAMPUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La revolución Cubana y el nuevo escenario y territorio político en América Latina – The Cuban Revolution, new scenarios and political territorios in Latin America -&lt;br /&gt;presentan&lt;br /&gt;Dra. Concepción Nieves Ayus, Professor and  Director of the Instituto &lt;br /&gt;Dr. Gilberto Valdés Gutierrez, Associate Professor, Co-ordinator  of the GALFISA Research Program&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Jorge Luis Santana, Associate Professor and Researcher, Co-ordinator Program - Cuba Theory and Society  &lt;br /&gt;Dr. Humberto Miranda, Assistant Professor and Researcher with GALFISA&lt;br /&gt;Feliz Valdés García, Assistant  Professor and Researcher,  Assistant Director of the Instituto&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;3)  &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;En español  e inglés – ENGLISH AND SPANISH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;OCTOBER 13TH&lt;/span&gt;  -   &lt;br /&gt;7 to 9 pm&lt;br /&gt;Room  5150 – OISE, University of Toronto &lt;br /&gt;252 Bloor St W, Toronto,&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Cuba and us relations –&lt;br /&gt; Dr. Carlos Alzugaray – University of Havana, Director of the Centre of Studies of US/CUBA Relations&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Post-neo-liberalism and the politics of anti-system movements&lt;br /&gt; Dr. Gilberto valdes Gutierrez – INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA,&lt;br /&gt;DIRECTOR OF GALFISA &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Moderator:  Prof. nchamah miller (instituto de Filosofia, La Habana, Cuba) &lt;br /&gt;Translator: Dr. Maria Paez Victor&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-6731252772923182799?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/6731252772923182799/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/09/october-educations-cuban-scholars-three.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6731252772923182799'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6731252772923182799'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/09/october-educations-cuban-scholars-three.html' title='OCTOBER EDUCATIONS - CUBAN SCHOLARS THREE EVENTS'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-5394766514816495727</id><published>2010-08-26T14:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-26T14:30:17.196-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Roy Chaderton: &quot;Los vamos a demoler en las parlamentarias”'/><title type='text'>VENEZUELA - ELECCIONES</title><content type='html'>Roy Chaderton: "Los vamos a demoler en las parlamentarias” &lt;br /&gt;YVKE Mundial - www.aporrea.org&lt;br /&gt;25/08/10 - www.aporrea.org/actualidad/n164097.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Las conquistas económicas y sociales de la Revolución Bolivariana podrían verse estancadas de ganar la oposición en las elecciones parlamentarias del 26 de septiembre próximo, sostuvo este miércoles el candidato al Parlamento Latinoamericano (Parlatino) Roy Chaderton.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“En caso de no tener la mayoría, las conquistas económicas y sociales estarán detenidas, porque la gente de la oposición pretende volver al pasado del neoliberalismo que tanto le costó al país”, recalcó Chaderton durante su participación este miércoles en el programa En Tres Tiempos, que transmite Vive Televisión.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En este sentido, Chaderton puntualizó que la unidad es muy importante en este proceso. “No debemos caer en grupitos que pretendan posicionarse en puestos claves del presidente Chávez. Chavizmo sin Chávez no existe”, agregó.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Destacó que la presencia y liderazgo del mandatario nacional garantiza la unidad de todas y todos los venezolanos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El pueblo se siente cómodo con democracia participativa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chaderton resaltó el hecho de que el pueblo se acerca a las autoridades con mucha confianza, “la gente se siente cómoda con la democracia participativa”, así quedó demostrado este martes durante el cohetazo que marcó el inicio de la campaña electoral del Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (PSUV).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En cuanto al proceso eleccionario, Chaderton expresó: “Los vamos a demoler en las parlamentarias”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por su parte, Ana Elisa Osorio, también candidata al Parlatino, resaltó en el programa En Tres Tiempos que las unidades de batalla Bolívar 200 están bien estructuradas. “Tenemos establecidos más de dos millones de patrulleros y patrulleras, lo que nos da la seguridad de que efectivamente vamos hacia el camino de la victoria”, sostuvo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Asimismo, Osorio agregó que todos y todas debemos participar en estas elecciones parlamentarias “para seguir moviendo esta locomotora hacia el camino del socialismo”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aclaró que de 155 diputados a la Asamblea Nacional el PSUV debe obtener 110 puestos para lograr la mayoría en el Parlamento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tanto Chaderton como Osorio hicieron un llamado a todas y todos los venezolanos para que el 26 de septiembre próximo salgan a votar.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-5394766514816495727?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/5394766514816495727/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/08/venezuela-elecciones.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/5394766514816495727'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/5394766514816495727'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/08/venezuela-elecciones.html' title='VENEZUELA - ELECCIONES'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-2185168148286533553</id><published>2010-07-06T07:33:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-06T07:34:46.438-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Solidarity with Iran Facing Aggression and the Nature of the Regime</title><content type='html'>Unlimited Circulation                          Excuse Double Posting&lt;br /&gt;From the desk of Reuven Kaminer    July 5, 2010&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Solidarity with Iran Facing Aggression and the Nature of the Regime &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Fidel Castro, as is his custom, published his views on current developments in his June 26, 2010 column entitled Reflections.  The thrust of Castro’s Reflections, printed last week, is crystal clear.  Castro describes in detail the recent ongoing United States- Israeli naval build up in the Middle East, stressing that it is, “now a matter of calculating when the American and Israeli naval forces will be deployed off the coasts of Iran joining there the aircraft carriers and other US military ships already on watch in the region.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;In a matter of importance related to our discussion, Castro also makes short shrift of the opposition to the regime in Iran, exposing its class nature: “The US administration worked out a plan to promote a political movement that, based on capitalist consumerism, would divide the Iranians and overthrow the government.  Such hope is now harmless.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The Anti-imperialist Left &lt;br /&gt;Even in the West, with all the weaknesses of the socialist movement, there fortunately persists a current of critical thought, best defined as the anti-imperialist left (AIL).  The essential position of the anti-imperialist left is based on the contention that the United States acts as the global hegemonic force, imposing regimes of subservience and exploitation over great sections of the globe – wherever it can and for as long as it can.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;As my reader might guess, the AIL is hardly a monolithic affair.  As a matter of fact, Castro reignited a serious debate over important issues related to Iran, already the source of much acrimony and friction in the left.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The crux of the often heated debate involves the relation between the growing danger of US-Israel aggression against Iran and the serious charges regarding the reactionary and dictatorial record of the regime in that country.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The two opposing trends here are realists who stress the decisive importance of Iran’s international role and the democrats who call on the AIL to confront the Iranian regime’s record of repression.  Naturally enough, there are shades and nuances both in theory and in practice.  Even so, the opposing trends are quite recognizable in day to day political discourse.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Precisely, in the heat of the debate, it is vital to stress that all sections and streams in the AIL vigorously oppose US threats and preparations of war against Iran.  It is important not to lose sight of this fact both on the theoretical level and in practical politics.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;In practical day to day politics, the democrats are heavily engaged in exposing dictatorial repression in Iran and mobilizing support for the human and political rights of the opposition.  The democrats insist on placing the issue of repression in Iran high on the public agenda.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The realists deny the progressive nature of the opposition in Iran and consider it linked, formally or not, to the interests of Iran’s enemies.  For the realists the main objects of repression are linked to the opposition, which is mainly subversive.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The democrats argue that criticism of the regime and internal changes may be necessary to improve the capacity of the country to repel and overcome aggression.  The weaknesses and repressive nature of the regime may even impair its ability to mobilize international sympathy and support.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Weaknesses in the Democratic Approach&lt;br /&gt;This argument, lofty in intent, is essentially a matter of speculation.  Even if we knew much more about Iranian society than we know, it is impossible to know the effects of this or that development on the overall strength and viability of the regime, especially in regards to its ability to resist provocations and foreign aggression.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;We have no real evidence, as many democrats argue that U.S. intelligence prefers Ahmadinejad and the present rulers of Iran over the opposition, an accusation bandied about by people in the solidarity movement with the Iranian opposition.  It is, of course, reasonable to assume that the Iranian opposition is a heterogeneous affair.  But it would be naïve to doubt that it must include a major component of forces seeking to overthrow the present regime towards a rapprochement with the U.S.  But it is also true that the opposition includes many noble, dedicated women and men of the radical left.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Even though it is correct to say that “in the long run” it is the internal dynamic that would determine Iran’s path.  In the real world, here and now, the two fronts, the internal or the external front, are two separate arenas, much less interrelated than they would appear to be, especially in matters related to Iran’s ability to resist U.S.-Israeli aggression.  Of course, the “home front” is important but that importance does not match the vital and all embracing importance of the international role of the regime, its will and ability to resist imperialism machinations.  Of course, we cannot ignore the eventual significance of the internal dynamic, but we do argue that consistency and determination on the international front can create historical space for advancement on the internal domestic front, for greater democracy and human rights.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Chomsky Backs Fidel&lt;br /&gt;An article published by Noam Chomsky two days after Fidel’s Reflections fully verifies Fidel’s analysis of the approaching storm.  Of course, in his own inimitable fashion, Chomsky mobilizes overwhelming evidence for his central point.  Iran is in danger of death and destruction not because it is a “terrorist entity,” but because of its deepening political influence in the region.  No one could consider Chomsky, with his sensitivity to human rights issues, a friend of the Iranian regime which many have characterized as a regime in war with its own people.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I think that we in the independent left operating in circumstances of severe public debate, dominated by the imperial media monopoly on the prevailing discourse, must develop our own nuanced approach to the question at hand.  It would be a crucial mistake if we fail to understand the justifiable reasons for Fidel’s blanket denunciation of the Iranian opposition and his characterization of it as ”a political movement based on capitalist consumerism.”  On the other hand, there is an additional dimension, that on the level of human and civil rights, which demands a measured, serious response.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Fidel is telling us what we should already know.  It is the duty of any progressive regime to identify in any given circumstances the forces with which it can develop cooperation and mutual advantage.  Given the historical hegemony of imperialism over the years, it must be understood that this is a legitimate historical approach and a means of resistance.  The principle is simple: the regime (our regime) must do and will do that which is essential to prevent isolation, to ensure security, to put bread on the table of its citizens.  It must utilize all these opportunities as a matter of course.   &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I myself, and others of similar irrepressible sensitivities witness in Iran a series of sickening actions that jar the core our own values and political needs, legitimate in and of themselves.  This might create false hope for the emergence of an opposition more to our taste.  But is it so hard to understand, that Castro having seen the role of capitalist consumerism in the fall of the USSR, and on the basis of his own analysis of Cuban reality, sees the dreams of Westernized middle class for a “freer” society as one big trap?  The U.S. is, as we know, ever ready to assist regime change, more democratic elections, a new lease on life for civil society – all for free.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Castro’s dismissive description of the Iranian opposition may be the basis of Cuban politics on this issue, and it may be basically correct, but it cannot serve all the requirements of those fighting against U.S. aggression in the heartlands of imperialism and its allies.  The issue of human and civil rights, the protection against arbitrary arrest, torture and punishment cannot be ignored by the left, even in the rarified and tense atmosphere of an international campaign against the Iranian people and its leadership.  Many things are happening which cannot be countenanced.   &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Strategy and Tactics on the Iran Issue &lt;br /&gt;When we unavoidably relate to the glaring crimes of the Iranian regime, we are faced, whether we wish so or not, with a number of urgent practical and strategic questions.  Since silence on this issue is not an option, but since we also refuse to reduce in any way our iron clad obligation to work with the forces in opposition to U.S.-Israeli aggression, we face the challenge of integrating the two elements, of conveying some sense of proportion between the importance of the two issues, and the choice of partners in the day to day political battle.  There is, of course, no easy formula, but there are certain guidelines that might prevent serious distortions from the policy we seek.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The main front is the fight against U.S.-Israeli aggression, as long as the real danger persists.  It is here that we are interested in the establishment of the widest possible front.  The internal Iranian front is a secondary battle.  We cannot prove this, but our instinctive sense is that the danger of war increases domestic chauvinism and disregard for human rights.  An eventual relaxation in tension over a broad period should open the way for more respect for the rights of Iranians in all spheres.  And as long as the danger of war is there, our main duty, is opposition to the war, which is in the final analysis the best thing that we can do for the people of Iran, including victims of repression in Iran.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Knowing that there is at the least some truth in the Castro point regarding the nature of the opposition, we should desist from undifferentiated, overall support for the opposition on the basis of liberal principles and democratic rights.  We should support analytical and documentary reports to expose regime brutality.  But we are not “fans“ of an entity identified in the media as the “democratic opposition” nor do we believe that the forces identified with the “democratic opposition” are a more humanitarian and just alternative.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Two categories:  Iran’s international status, and Iran’s internal regime – reflect two important interrelated aspects of Iran’s existence.  But they are not two dimensions of equal import and impact.  The decisive axis of development, the major impact and influence stem from the first category, Iran’s international status.  The Iranian issue has long lost any vestige of localism, of involvement in mere local interests.  The battle around Iran has taken on immense importance as a critical stage in the weakening of U.S. hegemony in the Middle East and even on a wider scope.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;For the above reasons, we reject the simple formula often suggested in thorny issues like this one, i.e., Fight aggression against Iran without relating to the character of the regime in that country and fight against the regime, as if there were no danger of aggression.  However, the two issues, both admittedly important, are not on the same scale of importance and influence on the course of events.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;An Echo from the Past&lt;br /&gt;Marxist theory on the issue suggests that it may seem as if this is some sort of “replay” of past disputes.  But it isn’t.  The material conditions obtaining today and their political ramifications are simply vastly different.  The communist movement no longer exists as an international force, and Trotskyism has no role in presenting an alternative to the communist option.  Moreover the theories associated with Stalin and/or Trotsky no longer possess, without further contemporary development, a degree of internal consistency that can supply answers to any strategic dilemma.  Inevitably, they have become, on the theoretical level, historical schools of thought, which do inspire different and often conflicting approaches to the very same issue.  In short, the dispute that we are dealing with is not based on the different theories of Stalin and Trotsky.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Realists, who have experience with the various oppositions against authoritarian governments which chose to set out on an anti-U.S. path, have reason to be highly suspicious.  The pressures in the opposition to be drawn into the vortex of US support are tremendous.  Orange, velvet, yellow or green oppositional forces do tend to go the way of U.S.-sponsored “democracy”, even when they set out to do battle on the basis of the most sincere and naïve basis.  The realist challenge to the democrats centers, more than on anything else, on the question of the real nature of the Iranian.  Their approach is that the opposition grew and developed on the basis of U.S. spiritual and ideological foundations, with the hope for a more material equivalent not too far off in the future.  My impression is that the realists, in rallying to the defense of Iran, are not so much in sympathy with its rulers as motivated by anxiety over the negative repercussions of the possible downfall of the present leadership.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Between Two Worlds &lt;br /&gt;One of the more intelligent attempts, from a friend in Europe, to come to grips with the two different approaches argues that – &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;“Fidel stands for the raison d’état, like Chávez, by the way.  Both Cuba and Iran are harassed by the US, and both suffer the effects of an embargo.  Whether this implies to embrace the regime in Iran is another story.  Neither Chomsky nor myself have interests of state which might blind our critical approach.  Therefore my position is that as citizens, and this extends to the civil society at large, we may not support a reactionary theocracy, a clerical and military regime based on crony capitalism. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Any approach to Iran from the civil society should stress this paradox:  Iran has the right to development but also to freedom, and a set of political liberties may be set aside temporarily on behalf of development, when the improvement of the people is delivered (like in China), and social and cultural overtures are promoted, and legal equality for all citizens is guaranteed.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;But despite the nature of the regime - a reactionary theocracy, a clerical and military regime based on crony capitalism - This doesn't allow imperialist intervention to change the regime, as the only consequence it brings is chaos, civil strife, and political and economic subjugation.  Iran is living out very interesting contradictions, but they are internal, and Iranians must be left alone in order to experience their own autonomous resolution.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Our friend is mindful of the source of the different views on the issue and he tends to justify both, depending on the level of the discourse.  But this solution, despite the penetrating analysis of the difference in the circumstances of states on one hand and actors in civil society, is still quite unsatisfactory.  There is something both wrong and inadequate in the attempt to separate the worlds of power and interests on one hand and that of critical minded activists, on the other.  There is some faulty, rather quaint logic here that implies that we would have to change our position if, God forbid, state power would be thrust upon us.  But, to be practical, the distinction, between the two worlds, though tempting, is not really viable.  If we accept the validity of the “reasons of state,” we are not and cannot remain indifferent to the intense political struggle regarding the actions of those countries which enter into alliances with Iran.  This means on our part the active defense of Cuba, Venezuela, etc precisely on the Iranian issue.  This calls for active support for Iran trying to break out of isolation imposed by the US.  “Reasons of state,” when the state involved is struggling against suffocation by the still very powerful hegemonic force, are valid political currency in the real political battles.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Human Rights – Yes! Alternative Regime – No&lt;br /&gt;I do not sense that there is any serious contradiction between full support for Iran versus the United States plans for aggression and refusing, at the very same time, to condone many of the ugly violations of human rights and dignity.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;But there is a contradiction between support for Iranian resistance and the claim that there exists a completely satisfactory alternative to the given regime in the form of a democratic opposition which could with sweep of its hand, as it were, enhance Iran’s prestige as a democratic entity – thus erecting a moral barrier to aggression against the country.  With all due respect, the orientation on an alternative regime means faith in a new formation that would emerge rather quickly as the true and tested ally of the United States.  Aggression might be avoided in the new circumstances precisely because now that we have pro-Western government, it has been rendered superfluous.  The country and its assets would be in safe hands, just like Iraq today.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Castro and Chomsky have made the dangers crystal clear indeed.  The bloody war in Iraq is far from being over.  Afghanistan is a quagmire of quicksand.  Turkey is opting for neutrality.  Syria and Lebanon insist on their independence.  Obama and the U.S. are running out of money and corporate U.S. has barred governmental access to the mint.  Faced with significant, multiple regional defeats, the United States entertains dreams of a military fix that might reverse the trends.  Israel is pinning its hopes on confrontation.    War to protect the edifice of a crumbling hegemony seems to be, for the rulers of the U.S., a way out of the swamp.    &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;Reuven Kaminer&lt;br /&gt;POBox 9013&lt;br /&gt;Jerusalem 91090&lt;br /&gt;Israel 972 2 6414632&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-2185168148286533553?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/2185168148286533553/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/07/solidarity-with-iran-facing-aggression_06.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/2185168148286533553'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/2185168148286533553'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/07/solidarity-with-iran-facing-aggression_06.html' title='Solidarity with Iran Facing Aggression and the Nature of the Regime'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-2408066637162967177</id><published>2010-07-06T07:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-06T07:34:28.669-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='kaminer castro cuba venezuela nchamah miller'/><title type='text'>Solidarity with Iran Facing Aggression and the Nature of the Regime</title><content type='html'>Unlimited Circulation                          Excuse Double Posting&lt;br /&gt;From the desk of Reuven Kaminer    July 5, 2010&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Solidarity with Iran Facing Aggression and the Nature of the Regime &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Fidel Castro, as is his custom, published his views on current developments in his June 26, 2010 column entitled Reflections.  The thrust of Castro’s Reflections, printed last week, is crystal clear.  Castro describes in detail the recent ongoing United States- Israeli naval build up in the Middle East, stressing that it is, “now a matter of calculating when the American and Israeli naval forces will be deployed off the coasts of Iran joining there the aircraft carriers and other US military ships already on watch in the region.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;In a matter of importance related to our discussion, Castro also makes short shrift of the opposition to the regime in Iran, exposing its class nature: “The US administration worked out a plan to promote a political movement that, based on capitalist consumerism, would divide the Iranians and overthrow the government.  Such hope is now harmless.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The Anti-imperialist Left &lt;br /&gt;Even in the West, with all the weaknesses of the socialist movement, there fortunately persists a current of critical thought, best defined as the anti-imperialist left (AIL).  The essential position of the anti-imperialist left is based on the contention that the United States acts as the global hegemonic force, imposing regimes of subservience and exploitation over great sections of the globe – wherever it can and for as long as it can.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;As my reader might guess, the AIL is hardly a monolithic affair.  As a matter of fact, Castro reignited a serious debate over important issues related to Iran, already the source of much acrimony and friction in the left.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The crux of the often heated debate involves the relation between the growing danger of US-Israel aggression against Iran and the serious charges regarding the reactionary and dictatorial record of the regime in that country.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The two opposing trends here are realists who stress the decisive importance of Iran’s international role and the democrats who call on the AIL to confront the Iranian regime’s record of repression.  Naturally enough, there are shades and nuances both in theory and in practice.  Even so, the opposing trends are quite recognizable in day to day political discourse.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Precisely, in the heat of the debate, it is vital to stress that all sections and streams in the AIL vigorously oppose US threats and preparations of war against Iran.  It is important not to lose sight of this fact both on the theoretical level and in practical politics.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;In practical day to day politics, the democrats are heavily engaged in exposing dictatorial repression in Iran and mobilizing support for the human and political rights of the opposition.  The democrats insist on placing the issue of repression in Iran high on the public agenda.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The realists deny the progressive nature of the opposition in Iran and consider it linked, formally or not, to the interests of Iran’s enemies.  For the realists the main objects of repression are linked to the opposition, which is mainly subversive.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The democrats argue that criticism of the regime and internal changes may be necessary to improve the capacity of the country to repel and overcome aggression.  The weaknesses and repressive nature of the regime may even impair its ability to mobilize international sympathy and support.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Weaknesses in the Democratic Approach&lt;br /&gt;This argument, lofty in intent, is essentially a matter of speculation.  Even if we knew much more about Iranian society than we know, it is impossible to know the effects of this or that development on the overall strength and viability of the regime, especially in regards to its ability to resist provocations and foreign aggression.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;We have no real evidence, as many democrats argue that U.S. intelligence prefers Ahmadinejad and the present rulers of Iran over the opposition, an accusation bandied about by people in the solidarity movement with the Iranian opposition.  It is, of course, reasonable to assume that the Iranian opposition is a heterogeneous affair.  But it would be naïve to doubt that it must include a major component of forces seeking to overthrow the present regime towards a rapprochement with the U.S.  But it is also true that the opposition includes many noble, dedicated women and men of the radical left.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Even though it is correct to say that “in the long run” it is the internal dynamic that would determine Iran’s path.  In the real world, here and now, the two fronts, the internal or the external front, are two separate arenas, much less interrelated than they would appear to be, especially in matters related to Iran’s ability to resist U.S.-Israeli aggression.  Of course, the “home front” is important but that importance does not match the vital and all embracing importance of the international role of the regime, its will and ability to resist imperialism machinations.  Of course, we cannot ignore the eventual significance of the internal dynamic, but we do argue that consistency and determination on the international front can create historical space for advancement on the internal domestic front, for greater democracy and human rights.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Chomsky Backs Fidel&lt;br /&gt;An article published by Noam Chomsky two days after Fidel’s Reflections fully verifies Fidel’s analysis of the approaching storm.  Of course, in his own inimitable fashion, Chomsky mobilizes overwhelming evidence for his central point.  Iran is in danger of death and destruction not because it is a “terrorist entity,” but because of its deepening political influence in the region.  No one could consider Chomsky, with his sensitivity to human rights issues, a friend of the Iranian regime which many have characterized as a regime in war with its own people.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I think that we in the independent left operating in circumstances of severe public debate, dominated by the imperial media monopoly on the prevailing discourse, must develop our own nuanced approach to the question at hand.  It would be a crucial mistake if we fail to understand the justifiable reasons for Fidel’s blanket denunciation of the Iranian opposition and his characterization of it as ”a political movement based on capitalist consumerism.”  On the other hand, there is an additional dimension, that on the level of human and civil rights, which demands a measured, serious response.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Fidel is telling us what we should already know.  It is the duty of any progressive regime to identify in any given circumstances the forces with which it can develop cooperation and mutual advantage.  Given the historical hegemony of imperialism over the years, it must be understood that this is a legitimate historical approach and a means of resistance.  The principle is simple: the regime (our regime) must do and will do that which is essential to prevent isolation, to ensure security, to put bread on the table of its citizens.  It must utilize all these opportunities as a matter of course.   &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I myself, and others of similar irrepressible sensitivities witness in Iran a series of sickening actions that jar the core our own values and political needs, legitimate in and of themselves.  This might create false hope for the emergence of an opposition more to our taste.  But is it so hard to understand, that Castro having seen the role of capitalist consumerism in the fall of the USSR, and on the basis of his own analysis of Cuban reality, sees the dreams of Westernized middle class for a “freer” society as one big trap?  The U.S. is, as we know, ever ready to assist regime change, more democratic elections, a new lease on life for civil society – all for free.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Castro’s dismissive description of the Iranian opposition may be the basis of Cuban politics on this issue, and it may be basically correct, but it cannot serve all the requirements of those fighting against U.S. aggression in the heartlands of imperialism and its allies.  The issue of human and civil rights, the protection against arbitrary arrest, torture and punishment cannot be ignored by the left, even in the rarified and tense atmosphere of an international campaign against the Iranian people and its leadership.  Many things are happening which cannot be countenanced.   &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Strategy and Tactics on the Iran Issue &lt;br /&gt;When we unavoidably relate to the glaring crimes of the Iranian regime, we are faced, whether we wish so or not, with a number of urgent practical and strategic questions.  Since silence on this issue is not an option, but since we also refuse to reduce in any way our iron clad obligation to work with the forces in opposition to U.S.-Israeli aggression, we face the challenge of integrating the two elements, of conveying some sense of proportion between the importance of the two issues, and the choice of partners in the day to day political battle.  There is, of course, no easy formula, but there are certain guidelines that might prevent serious distortions from the policy we seek.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The main front is the fight against U.S.-Israeli aggression, as long as the real danger persists.  It is here that we are interested in the establishment of the widest possible front.  The internal Iranian front is a secondary battle.  We cannot prove this, but our instinctive sense is that the danger of war increases domestic chauvinism and disregard for human rights.  An eventual relaxation in tension over a broad period should open the way for more respect for the rights of Iranians in all spheres.  And as long as the danger of war is there, our main duty, is opposition to the war, which is in the final analysis the best thing that we can do for the people of Iran, including victims of repression in Iran.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Knowing that there is at the least some truth in the Castro point regarding the nature of the opposition, we should desist from undifferentiated, overall support for the opposition on the basis of liberal principles and democratic rights.  We should support analytical and documentary reports to expose regime brutality.  But we are not “fans“ of an entity identified in the media as the “democratic opposition” nor do we believe that the forces identified with the “democratic opposition” are a more humanitarian and just alternative.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Two categories:  Iran’s international status, and Iran’s internal regime – reflect two important interrelated aspects of Iran’s existence.  But they are not two dimensions of equal import and impact.  The decisive axis of development, the major impact and influence stem from the first category, Iran’s international status.  The Iranian issue has long lost any vestige of localism, of involvement in mere local interests.  The battle around Iran has taken on immense importance as a critical stage in the weakening of U.S. hegemony in the Middle East and even on a wider scope.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;For the above reasons, we reject the simple formula often suggested in thorny issues like this one, i.e., Fight aggression against Iran without relating to the character of the regime in that country and fight against the regime, as if there were no danger of aggression.  However, the two issues, both admittedly important, are not on the same scale of importance and influence on the course of events.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;An Echo from the Past&lt;br /&gt;Marxist theory on the issue suggests that it may seem as if this is some sort of “replay” of past disputes.  But it isn’t.  The material conditions obtaining today and their political ramifications are simply vastly different.  The communist movement no longer exists as an international force, and Trotskyism has no role in presenting an alternative to the communist option.  Moreover the theories associated with Stalin and/or Trotsky no longer possess, without further contemporary development, a degree of internal consistency that can supply answers to any strategic dilemma.  Inevitably, they have become, on the theoretical level, historical schools of thought, which do inspire different and often conflicting approaches to the very same issue.  In short, the dispute that we are dealing with is not based on the different theories of Stalin and Trotsky.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Realists, who have experience with the various oppositions against authoritarian governments which chose to set out on an anti-U.S. path, have reason to be highly suspicious.  The pressures in the opposition to be drawn into the vortex of US support are tremendous.  Orange, velvet, yellow or green oppositional forces do tend to go the way of U.S.-sponsored “democracy”, even when they set out to do battle on the basis of the most sincere and naïve basis.  The realist challenge to the democrats centers, more than on anything else, on the question of the real nature of the Iranian.  Their approach is that the opposition grew and developed on the basis of U.S. spiritual and ideological foundations, with the hope for a more material equivalent not too far off in the future.  My impression is that the realists, in rallying to the defense of Iran, are not so much in sympathy with its rulers as motivated by anxiety over the negative repercussions of the possible downfall of the present leadership.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Between Two Worlds &lt;br /&gt;One of the more intelligent attempts, from a friend in Europe, to come to grips with the two different approaches argues that – &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;“Fidel stands for the raison d’état, like Chávez, by the way.  Both Cuba and Iran are harassed by the US, and both suffer the effects of an embargo.  Whether this implies to embrace the regime in Iran is another story.  Neither Chomsky nor myself have interests of state which might blind our critical approach.  Therefore my position is that as citizens, and this extends to the civil society at large, we may not support a reactionary theocracy, a clerical and military regime based on crony capitalism. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Any approach to Iran from the civil society should stress this paradox:  Iran has the right to development but also to freedom, and a set of political liberties may be set aside temporarily on behalf of development, when the improvement of the people is delivered (like in China), and social and cultural overtures are promoted, and legal equality for all citizens is guaranteed.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;But despite the nature of the regime - a reactionary theocracy, a clerical and military regime based on crony capitalism - This doesn't allow imperialist intervention to change the regime, as the only consequence it brings is chaos, civil strife, and political and economic subjugation.  Iran is living out very interesting contradictions, but they are internal, and Iranians must be left alone in order to experience their own autonomous resolution.”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Our friend is mindful of the source of the different views on the issue and he tends to justify both, depending on the level of the discourse.  But this solution, despite the penetrating analysis of the difference in the circumstances of states on one hand and actors in civil society, is still quite unsatisfactory.  There is something both wrong and inadequate in the attempt to separate the worlds of power and interests on one hand and that of critical minded activists, on the other.  There is some faulty, rather quaint logic here that implies that we would have to change our position if, God forbid, state power would be thrust upon us.  But, to be practical, the distinction, between the two worlds, though tempting, is not really viable.  If we accept the validity of the “reasons of state,” we are not and cannot remain indifferent to the intense political struggle regarding the actions of those countries which enter into alliances with Iran.  This means on our part the active defense of Cuba, Venezuela, etc precisely on the Iranian issue.  This calls for active support for Iran trying to break out of isolation imposed by the US.  “Reasons of state,” when the state involved is struggling against suffocation by the still very powerful hegemonic force, are valid political currency in the real political battles.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Human Rights – Yes! Alternative Regime – No&lt;br /&gt;I do not sense that there is any serious contradiction between full support for Iran versus the United States plans for aggression and refusing, at the very same time, to condone many of the ugly violations of human rights and dignity.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;But there is a contradiction between support for Iranian resistance and the claim that there exists a completely satisfactory alternative to the given regime in the form of a democratic opposition which could with sweep of its hand, as it were, enhance Iran’s prestige as a democratic entity – thus erecting a moral barrier to aggression against the country.  With all due respect, the orientation on an alternative regime means faith in a new formation that would emerge rather quickly as the true and tested ally of the United States.  Aggression might be avoided in the new circumstances precisely because now that we have pro-Western government, it has been rendered superfluous.  The country and its assets would be in safe hands, just like Iraq today.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Castro and Chomsky have made the dangers crystal clear indeed.  The bloody war in Iraq is far from being over.  Afghanistan is a quagmire of quicksand.  Turkey is opting for neutrality.  Syria and Lebanon insist on their independence.  Obama and the U.S. are running out of money and corporate U.S. has barred governmental access to the mint.  Faced with significant, multiple regional defeats, the United States entertains dreams of a military fix that might reverse the trends.  Israel is pinning its hopes on confrontation.    War to protect the edifice of a crumbling hegemony seems to be, for the rulers of the U.S., a way out of the swamp.    &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;Reuven Kaminer&lt;br /&gt;POBox 9013&lt;br /&gt;Jerusalem 91090&lt;br /&gt;Israel 972 2 6414632&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-2408066637162967177?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/2408066637162967177/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/07/solidarity-with-iran-facing-aggression.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/2408066637162967177'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/2408066637162967177'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/07/solidarity-with-iran-facing-aggression.html' title='Solidarity with Iran Facing Aggression and the Nature of the Regime'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-9171075850356899755</id><published>2010-05-05T16:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-05T16:48:43.666-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='2010'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Louis Riel Bolivarian Circle/Hands Off Venezuela  May 4'/><title type='text'>HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA</title><content type='html'>HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4 May 2010&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Presentation to the Sub-committee on International Human Rights&lt;br /&gt;House of Commons, Parliament of Canada&lt;br /&gt;Presented by:&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Maria Páez Victor&lt;br /&gt;Louis Riel Bolivarian Circle/Hands Off Venezuela&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Greetings to the honorable Members of Parliament:&lt;br /&gt;It is an honour to be able to address this committee, thank you for this opportunity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PURPOSE OF THE PRESENTATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We understand that this Parliamentary Sub-committee is conducting a study of the situation of human rights in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.  It is a difficult task for any country to get a fully accurate view of the human rights situation in any other country, as statistics are not always available or comparable and anecdotal information is unrepresentative. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This situation is not helped by a national media, such as exists in Venezuela, which is largely controlled by admitted opponents of the elected government and is connected to the international media.  Even reputable Canadian newspapers have succumbed to their campaign of misinformation.  For example, the Toronto Star was disciplined by the Ontario Press Council for publishing articles on Venezuela that were “significantly deficient” in terms of the standards of good journalism. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Due to this intentionally biased campaign, it is understandable that Canadians, and their Honourable Representatives, may have an insufficient and inaccurate picture of the state of human rights in Venezuela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We have come here to share with you information from a variety of sources and our first hand experience on this issue because the decision that the Parliament of Canada may make regarding human rights in Venezuela could have important ramifications for both countries, and even Latin America as a whole.  And we would not want this august body to fall prey to media distortions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First of all, I would like to tell you a bit of background on human rights in Venezuela before 1999.  Since its founding in 1811, the country has had 26 constitutions; the previous one in 1961was a provisional constitution full of loopholes that were never amended.  In the end, it was practically irrelevant because human rights, scarcely mentioned, were hardly central to the practice of government.  Torture, censorship, disappearances of opponents, killings, use of secret police, suspension of civil rights, were all commonplace in the administrations of the 4 previous presidents.   Most notably in February of 1989, about 3000 people were massacred on the streets by the army as they spontaneously protested sudden price hikes instigated by the World Bank and the IMF.  The international community and media scarcely paid attention to these events nor defended the human rights of Venezuelans then.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Venezuelan people, who lived thought all this, are judging the Chávez Administration based on what went before. Numerous recent polls show that Venezuelans have a high regard for their democracy, its capacity to solve problems and a very high happiness rate.    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It all stated with the new Constitution of 1999,  which placed human rights at the very core of law and politics, an emphasis that was not there before.  Many who were tortured and jailed by previous governments became supporters of President Chávez, helped write the Constitution and made sure human rights had a central place in the rule of law and practice of government.  The word justice appeared perhaps 2 times in the previous constitution and in the present one appears 30 times and is central to understanding the state.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Venezuelans now have not only civil human rights - such as the right to assembly and to free speech- but also social rights – they now can insist on their rights to decent housing, health care, employment.  For the first time Indigenous People, Women and Children have constitutional rights, and there are even rights to clean environment. The government has a duty to ensure these rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The constitution is not a boring topic for Venezuelans; on the contrary.  It is sold in the streets, people carry it around with them, and discuss it.  It is held in high regard, and even now, the opposition is taking it into consideration.  In contrast, hardly anybody read the previous constitution.  As one expert has stated, “There is a large consensus both within Venezuela and among foreign observers that Venezuela now has one of the world’s most advanced constitutions, providing for some of the most comprehensive human rights protection of any constitution in the world.”  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Constitution became the key for the transformation the country from one with 80% of its people in dire poverty into one that has dramatically lowered poverty, malnutrition, infant mortality; that has given the country the lowest rate in unemployment in decades, eradicated literacy, provided health care and education to all population and has the lowest inequality index in the region. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KEY ISSUES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Media&lt;br /&gt;Throughout the history of Latin America, the media has been in the hands of oligarchies that did not allow its use by ordinary citizens.  This was especially the case in Venezuela.  Since the election of the present government, the private media abandoned all attempt of balanced reporting and journalistic standards.  In Venezuela, the TV and radio outlets are owned by the same people who had a pivotal role in the 2002   coup d’etat that overthrew the democratically elected government for 48 hours, kidnapped the President and almost assassinated him.  Private TV and radio stations were directly acting to overthrow the government, imposed blackout of news so that people did not know what was happening on the streets, and even staged a press conference with the leading military coup plotters announcing the overthrow of President Chávez, before it had happened. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The private media is the Venezuelan opposition; it has displaced regular opposition parties.  This is why the coup of 2002 was considered as the first “media coup”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In my own experience, every Spanish-speaker whom I have been with    visiting Venezuela has been dumbstruck by the amount of criticism, indeed by the vitriolic criticism of the government in newspapers, TV, and radio.  There is full freedom of expression.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has not forcefully or illegally closed any TV or radio station.  The only TV station that was closed was the state channel during the coup.  Coup supporters vandalized it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; As 95% of TV and radio was in private hands, the government expanded access to community radio and TV.  Instead of censuring or closing media, instead of restricting freedom of expression, they amplified it.  Today there are numerous community radio and TV in areas where it would have been impossible previously: in urban poor areas, in rural towns, in indigenous villages.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Private media is still very strong, but there are now more community media.  There are 656 privately owned radio station and 243 community stations, only 79 are state owned.  There are 65 private TV stations  (60%) and 37 (35%) community stations, and only 6 state TV stations across the nation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new Telecommunications Law was based on the very same precepts of the laws in Canada, USA, and Europe.  It regulates the time and content of children’s and adult programming, it enables community media, and it prohibits racist, sexist, inflammatory content and incitement to violence or hatred.  The opposition opposed this very reasonable law and in one of its demonstrations, two students were shot dead by unidentified snipers.  They were both supporters of President Chávez.  It is disappointing that there is scant international attention to violence in Venezuela when the opposition perpetrates it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Radio Caracas Television (RCTV) defied the rule of law.  It refused to abide by the legal regulations:  It tried to pass itself off as an international channel (which are exempt from the regulations if their Venezuelan program content is below 70%) yet RCTV’s content was 90% Venezuelan.  It refused to register and pay the required fees to CONATEL the telecommunications regulatory agency similar to the CRTC.  However, last February, RCTV finally duly registered putting an end to this farce. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Last year, 32 privately owned stations and 2 regional TV were closed, not for any reason related to freedom of speech but because they were all operating illegally, some for 30 years, without registration or permits.  The media concession had been treated as an inheritable property, being passed from one family member to another.  These illegal stations were handed over to the communities (not the state), further increasing access to telecommunications to the Venezuelan population.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Canada, the CRTC would have no tolerance for any media station that defied its regulations.  I believe the Government of Canada would rightly consider it impertinence if another country intervened in what is essentially an internal issue of good governance.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Judicial System&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Venezuelan Judicial System in the past has had the worst reputation for systemic corruption.  Previous presidents refused to reform it, even under prodding from the World Bank.  President Chávez brought in a series of reforms – 1999, 2004, and 2005- making it more independent, giving more power to the Supreme Court.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Corruption in the judicial system is very hard to eradicate, but when the government tries to reform it, the opposition accuses it of intervening and politicizing it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lamentably, in Venezuela only those who could afford it were able to study law, therefore, the marginalized and less fortunate were unable to study law, and furthermore, their access to justice was heavily restricted.  Only those who could pay were able to afford a lawyer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All this has changed. Access is greatly widened.  Things are by no means perfect, and it will take probably a new generation of lawyers and judges to fully control corruption.  A parliamentary committee composed of members of civil society and parliamentary members after several screening processes, today names judges formerly chosen by partisanship and cronyism. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Canada, it is practically unheard of for a judge to be jailed, so it is understandable that the case of Judge Maria Lourdes Afiuni would cause concern here. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contrary to Canada, which enjoys a very efficient banking system, Venezuela has been racked recently with banking scandals in several private banks.  The government had to nationalize them to save the funds of ordinary citizens.  In this context, Judge Afiuni released a very wealthy president of two banks accused of stealing millions from government.  He immediately fled the country.  The judge carried out a custody hearing without due process, as with no prosecutor present, it amounted to a secret hearing.  Venezuelans are astounded that international groups would defend a judge that did not follow procedures, released a man accused of grave felony, and then aided his escape.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She is legally held in custody– unlike former times, the law is the law, and it applies to all, even judges.  Article 266, No. 3 of the Constitution lays out the process to charge a judge with crime.  A judge can be suspended if the Attorney General, Human Rights Ombudsman, and the Comptroller General unanimously declare there has been a failure by a judge; then the National Assembly, with a majority of 2/3 can remove the judge.   What is very important to point out is that neither the judge nor the banker was an opposition members or politically active.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The judicial system of Venezuela should be praised for trying to deal with a historically corrupt banking sector and judicial system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Police&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Bolivarian government has a serious problem with crime – which is endemic to the entire region not just that country .  It is associated with drugs, gangs, and in Venezuela, with Colombian paramilitary that regularly commit atrocious crimes in Venezuelan territory.  Crime in Venezuela goes back beyond the Chávez government.  According to PROVEA, the Venezuelan human rights organization, Venezuela has been experiencing growth in crime for over 2 decades. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Crime is a very difficult social problem with many causes while the actual crime rate has been high; it has been stable over the last ten years at 43-53% .  However, the perception of crime has multiplied.  This has a lot to do with the opposition campaign to exaggerate and magnify any governmental weakness, regardless of causing anxiety among the citizens, so they may blame government. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During previous governments, the police were very low paid, poorly trained and with an entirely repressive function.  In 2006, the police was reformed with a new laws and the establishment of new National Police Force.  It modernizes the police force with education on community policing, professional ethics, knowledge of crime preventative measures and human rights training.  In October of 2008, for the first time, 5000 policemen were specifically trained in human rights during a 2 year course. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the first time in 40 years, there is no secret police in Venezuela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As to the case of Oswaldo Alvarez Paz, he has been singled out as a “political “ prisoner by the opposition even though his civil rights have been meticulously respected.  But the law is the law and he stated on TV that the country had become a centre of narco-traffic promotion, and that the President was linked to this nefarious activity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is freedom of speech, but it is not without limits as there is there is also a law against defamation, hatred, and willfully disseminating false information.  It is one thing to say rude things about a government agency or politician, which he has the right to do, but it is another thing altogether to accuse them of a criminal activity.  He either has to provide evidence of his statements or he will face the consequences of the law, which applies to all and everyone. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Venezuelan drug enforcement agencies have had very significant achievements combating narco-traffic.  According to the UN, Venezuela was the country with one of the highest drug confiscation rates in 2008.  This year alone, 14 drug lords have been deported to Colombia and the US and 3,075 sentences have been given to drug dealers.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The Real Human Rights Abuses&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The international media, so quick to judge Venezuelan authorities, gives very little attention to the inroads of the Colombian paramilitary – Aguilas Negras- into Venezuelan territory.  They operate through common criminals and terrorize low-income areas.  In rural areas, they have been implicated in the assassination of over 200 rural leaders, who have upset wealthy landowners.  Just last year over 100 Colombian paramilitary troops were caught with uniforms and arms just on the outskirts of the capital.  This is a political terrorism designed to destabilize the elected government.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Venezuelan opposition mobs have attacked anti-poverty program sites including medical stations, closed streets, and burned tires that caused allergic reactions in the neighborhood.  They carry out violent demonstrations with trained provocateurs that openly incite the police, pose for the international media as if they are being victimized, throw Molotov cocktails, rocks, and glass.    Yet, the Venezuelan police are prohibited from having live ammunition during demonstrations and/or strikes.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, peaceful demonstrations are a regular occurrence and proceed with no police repression. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inter-American Press Association&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Inter-American Press Association  report issued last month denouncing violations against freedom of speech in Venezuela was based mainly on accounts by the Venezuelan opposition.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IAPA did not condemn the coup d’etat of 2002 nor the closing and ransacking of the state TV and numerous community radios by the coup supporters.  It has not mentioned the numerous attacks by the opposition throughout these last years on journalists that work for the state TV and radio. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IAPA is not a journalist organization, an NGO nor academic group, but an entity of powerful newspapers owners who have been linked to some of the worst dictatorships in the region.   The Latin American Federation of Journalists has stated that “the IAPA has been an accomplice in barbarity and has fathered the derailment of democratic process… it has no moral authority having endorsed some of the most bloody coup d’etat in recent decades.”  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IAPA has not condemned the coup d’etat in Honduras nor the killings just last month of six journalists in that country.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Human Rights Watch&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The report this organization recently issued condemning Venezuela was so inaccurate and biased that over 100 distinguished international experts on Latin America issued an open letter stating that it “does not meet even the most minimal standards of scholarship, impartiality, accuracy, or credibility.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Council on Hemispheric Affairs, a highly respected US think tank on Latin America based in Washington DC, said of this report: “The problem is the presence of a mean-spirited tone and lack of balance and fair play that characterizes Vivanco’s reportage and his tendentious interpretation of the alleged misdeeds of the Chávez revolution are demonstrably bereft of scale and accuracy.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;br /&gt;It is with dismay that we noted a Member of Parliament say to the press recently that President Chávez is a “brutal dictator”.  Latin Americans would consider this statement as an indication of profound ignorance of Latin American history in general and of Venezuela in particular.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latin Americans are very well acquainted with brutal dictators that waged war against neighbors, made thousands of people disappear, displaced indigenous peoples, kept secret police, tortured, imprisoned or killed at will, and utterly disregarded the rule of law.  None these things are happening in President Chávez’s Venezuela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Venezuela is not a dictatorship.  The government has conducted 14 elections of different levels in the last 11 years.  These have been the most monitored elections in the world with about 300 international observers present, including Jimmy Carter and his Carter Centre.  The efficiency, transparency, and honesty of the elections have thus been internationally verified.  President Chávez has been elected thus in 1999 – reelected under the new Constitution the following year, and reelected for a second term in 2006.  Every election was won by near 60% of votes, with extremely high levels of voter turnout.  He lost the referendum of 2004 by 1% - and I ask you, what kind of brutal dictator loses an important referendum by 1% and still recognizes the result?  Indeed, President Chávez has the strongest democratic legitimacy in the continent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are serious problems in Venezuela just as in any developing country, but the Venezuelan government has made credible inroads in meeting the needs of his people by using oil revenues for health services, lowering poverty, providing universal education, needed infrastructure, modern transit systems, and especially in trying to increase citizen participation among those formally marginalized.  It has placed human rights as the cornerstone of its governance mandate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We hope that, in the end, the Parliament of Canada, as it studies Venezuela will take note of the many positive, dramatically positive, developments have been taking place there with respect to civil and social human rights. And we respectfully submit, that to gain a full appreciation of the human rights in the region, that this committee also study the human rights record of Colombia and Honduras.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have here to show you an example of the human rights education campaign that has been going on Venezuela these last 11 years.  These are bags of rice, sugar, flour, that are sold in subsidized food markets.  They are stamped with articles of the constitution to teach the population about their human rights.  They are not stamped with the picture of the president or his party, but of the laws of the country that protect citizens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We have never known any brutal dictator to do such a thing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the end, what really matters is what Venezuelans think of their own government.  They have expressed it formally in clean elections.  They also have expressed it through international polls that show consistently that Venezuelans are amongst the Latin Americans that most highly regard their democracy and have the highest rating of the region in believing that their government has the capacity to solve their problems.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-9171075850356899755?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/9171075850356899755/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/05/human-rights-in-bolivarian-republic-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/9171075850356899755'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/9171075850356899755'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/05/human-rights-in-bolivarian-republic-of.html' title='HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-2503238063100904058</id><published>2010-05-05T16:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-05T16:47:37.628-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Société Bolivarienne du Québec/Hands Off Venezuela Mai 4'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='2010'/><title type='text'>Des droits humains dans la République bolivarienne du Venezuela</title><content type='html'>Des droits humains dans la République bolivarienne du Venezuela &lt;br /&gt;La campagne Pas touche au Venezuela!, a été créée pour sensibiliser le public au sujet du Venezuela au sein du mouvement ouvrier et auprès des jeunes. Notre tâche principale est de promouvoir les acquis sociaux de la Révolution bolivarienne et la mobilisation contre l’agression des forces impérialistes envers le Venezuela.&lt;br /&gt;À l’automne de 2008, une réunion historique a eu lieu. Après avoir travaillé ensemble, pendant plus d’un an et demi, pour la promotion des acquis révolutionnaires des masses en lutte en Amérique latine, Hands Off Venezuela et la Société Bolivarienne du Québec se sont fusionnés officiellement pour former une seule organisation solidaire.&lt;br /&gt;Nous sommes des ouvriers, des étudiants, Québécois, Canadiens, immigrants et des Premières Nations, parlant une multitude de langues, mais unifiés dans notre lutte pour transformer la société et pour promouvoir une forme d’existence humaine dans la dignité et la solidarité - Notre Déclaration d’unité HOV/SBQ organise des événements publics, des visites de solidarité aux Premières Nations du Canada, aux syndicats et de délégations de jeunes au Venezuela. Elle fournit des informations sur la situation en Amérique latine et favorise la solidarité entre les mouvements de travailleurs d’Amérique latine et les mouvements de travailleurs d’autres pays.&lt;br /&gt;« La Société Bolivarienne du Québec/Hands Off Venezuela (SBQ/HOV) est un organisme sans but lucratif, pluriculturel et autonome de diffusion et d’émancipation populaire, inspirée par le libérateur Simón Bolívar, de lutte internationaliste et anti-néolibérale et s’inspire des idéaux d’autodétermination des peuples latino-américains, de justice sociale, d’intégration latino-américaine et de respect des droits ancestraux des peuples aborigènes et de l’environnement. » (Art.2 des Statuts)&lt;br /&gt;Brève mise en contexte&lt;br /&gt;Aux alentours des années soixante-dix, avec le Président Carlos Andrés Pérez (inséré dans le pacte du Punto Fijo1), le Venezuela vécu ses premiers pas vers le néolibéralisme. Avec l’implantation de diverses mesures favorisant le relâchement de l’État envers le peuple, soit la réduction de la redistribution des richesses, des inégalités sociales commencèrent à être perçues. Ce changement créa un revirement des tensions politiques et sociales qui mena aux événements du Caracazo2, puis à l’élection d’Hugo Chávez Frías en 1998. À partir de ce moment, les relations du Venezuela entre les pays du Premier monde et du Tiers monde changèrent. Arrivé au pouvoir, Chávez utilisa les revenus du pétrole, longtemps accaparés par les élites nationales et étrangères, afin de réduire les disparités socio-économiques et créer une nouvelle société absente d’inégalités.&lt;br /&gt;1 Punto Fijo: Pacte ayant commencé en 1958 au Venezuela et s'étant terminé en 1998 qui stipulait une alternance automatique entre le COPEI et l'AD, partis politiques vénézuélien, peut importe le résultat des élections.&lt;br /&gt;2 Caracazo: Il s’agit d’une vague de manifestations effectuées en février 1989 dans la région Caracaset ailleurs au pays, afin de contester l’état dans lequel le pays s’avançait à travers les réformes néolibérales. Durant cette période, il y eut beaucoup de répression policière et militaire causant la mort de plusieurs milliers de manifestants.&lt;br /&gt;Hugo Chávez Frías conquit la présidence du Venezuela à travers son discours multipolaire regroupant les autochtones, les afro-latinos et les latinos. Un an plus tard, ce même gouvernement entreprit de créer une nouvelle constitution à travers une Assemblée constituante et un référendum auxquels la population vénézuélienne vota majoritairement en faveur. Appliquant ses promesses, cette nouvelle constitution permit, entre autres, plus d’autonomie territoriale aux groupes autochtones, tout en reconnaissant officiellement leurs langues. Entourée par une opposition déterminée à ne pas concéder le fruit de son passé, Chávez connaîtra à maintes reprises des pressions provenant de leur part:&lt;br /&gt;• En avril 2002, un coup d’État fut organisé par l’opposition ayant réussi à retirer du pouvoir Chávez pour deux jours seulement. Grâce à d’importantes mobilisations populaires et l'appui de la Garde royale, il a pu retourner au palais présidentiel de Miraflores;&lt;br /&gt;• En décembre 2002, le patronat pétrolier (FEDECAMARAS) organise un sabotage de PDVSA, suivit de la Confederación de Trabajadores de Venezuela (CTV). Cet événement apportât des pertes économiques énormes pour le Venezuela, mais&lt;br /&gt;prouva également aux travailleurs qu’ils pouvaient opérer une entreprise sans les cadres;&lt;br /&gt;• En août 2004, organisation d’un référendum révocatoire au mi-mandat de la présidence d’Hugo Chávez où l’opposition perdit par 58%. Et ce, sans considérer toutes les attaques incessantes effectuées par les réseaux médiatiques nationaux et internationaux à l’égard du gouvernement de la Ve république.&lt;br /&gt;• Depuis 2004, l’opposition s’attaque virulemment au parti au pouvoir par l’entremise des médias (qui leur appartiennent majoritairement – 80%) et via le soutien d’États tel que les États-Unis et le Canada qui financent certaines de leurs organisations «démocratiques» en plus de faire une campagne diffamatoire à l’égard de la Révolution bolivarienne.&lt;br /&gt;En contraste, le gouvernement de la République bolivarienne du Venezuela a entrepris diverses mesures afin d’améliorer les conditions de vie de lapopulation vénézuélienne s’effectuant surtout par l’entremise de la Constitution de 1999 où les missions bolivariennes débutèrent ainsi que les cercles bolivariens3. De plus, en octobre 2000, le Venezuela a entamé des accords bilatéraux, notamment avec Cuba, en échangeant du pétrole contre des biens et services, initiative qui a mené à la création de l’ALBA (Alliance Bolivarienne pour l’Amérique – Traité entre les peuples) en 2004. Les statistiques le prouvent: la pauvreté extrême à diminué au Venezuela: de 1997 à 2009. Et ce, sans compter les apports de la sphère informelle dans l’amélioration de l’indice de développement humain: de 1998 à 2009, il est passé de 0.6798 à 0.8263. Cela n’aurait peut-être pas pu être possible sans la révolution.&lt;br /&gt;3 Cercles bolivariens: groupes organisés à l’intérieur de villages formés d’une douzaine d’individus qui se réunissent pour discuter de leur communauté et trouver des pistes de solutions.&lt;br /&gt;L'atteinte des droits humains au Venezuela&lt;br /&gt;L'État vénézuélien a l'obligation de respecter et de garantir les droits humains en adoptant les moyens nécessaires pour les atteindre et en assurant la prestation des services qui y sont reliés. La Constitution de 1999 établit dans son troisième chapitre une ample protection des droits humains. Leur atteinte se manifeste également au sein de traités élaborés, de pactes et accords internationaux ratifiés de même que dans les lois mise en place par le Venezuela qui sont soumises à la Constitution de 1999 élaborée et votée (87% des voies pour) par le peuple vénézuélien.&lt;br /&gt;La Constitution nationale est innovatrice en termes de droits humains, puisqu'en plus de protéger les intérêts individuels, elle étend cette protection aux intérêts légitimes, collectifs et diffus. De plus, le gouvernement vénézuélien a distribué largement les textes à sa population et organisé des séances de lecture pour que le peuple soit en mesure de connaître et comprendre leurs droits, de veiller à leur application, de les défendre dans le but de les exercer.&lt;br /&gt;Plusieurs types de droits humains prévalent au Venezuela, ils s'établissent via les textes ratifiés, mais également par les mesures entreprises par le gouvernement, soit les diverses missions bolivariennes4 et dans la structure politique nouvellement mise en place via les Conseils communaux. La mise en application de ces droits a permis des avancées notables au niveau de l'IDH, de la réduction de la pauvreté ainsi que dans l'écart entre les populations riche et pauvre. Sans les outils de base que sont lire et écrire, se loger et se nourrir, les fondations de la démocratie sont inaccessibles.&lt;br /&gt;DROITS DE NATIONALITÉ ET CITOYENNETÉ&lt;br /&gt;Grâce à la mission Identidad, des milliers de Vénézuéliens qui auparavant n'avaient pas des cartes de citoyenneté sont enregistrés auprès de l'État et peuvent être prestataire de ses services en plus de voter en tant que citoyen. Avec la nouvelle constitution, les citoyens sont en mesure de voter dès l’âge de 18 ans. La classe politique traditionnelle a légué au gouvernement bolivarien un héritage surréaliste : 70% des vénézuéliens ne possédaient pas de documents d’identité, 90% de ces sans papiers provenaient des classes populaires. Non seulement le gouvernement bolivarien à réussit à reconnaître sa population afin de lui donner légitimement ses papiers de citoyenneté mais, sur un plan psychologique ou politique, il lui a enfin donner le droit d’exister. Ainsi, grâce aux divers Bureaux Nationaux d’Identification et des services Étrangers (ONIDEX), en 2005, déjà 8.710.404 cartes d’identité ont été délivrées au cours de cette même année dont 653.306 pour des enfants.&lt;br /&gt;DROITS CIVILS&lt;br /&gt;La liberté d'expression prévaut au Venezuela, il n'existe aucun commissionnaire de la censure. En fait, la plus grande menace de censure consiste en la faramineuse concentration du discours médiatique vénézuelien. Plus de 80% des médias sont privés et appartiennent à l’élite nationale. Afin de protéger les droits des téléspectateurs à avoir une information juste et équilibré, les médias doivent se plier à la nouvelle loi RESORTE qui, comme le CRTC au&lt;br /&gt;4 Missions bolivariennes: Stratégies d'intervention massive orientées pour garantir les droits fondamentaux de la population et mettant l'accent sur les secteurs les plus exclus.&lt;br /&gt;Canada, vise à établir un cadre de diffusion où est prohibée la violence lors des heures d'écoute infantile ainsi que, par exemple, les messages incitant à l'insurrection et à la violence. Par exemple, c’est le cas de Globovision et de son propriétaire Oswaldo Álvarez Paz qui, après avoir soutenu et participé au coup d’État de 2002, à multiplié ses attaques subjectives contre le gouvernement bolivarien jusqu’à inciter les citoyens à la violence armée. La Constitution permet évidement la liberté d’expression des individus, mais cette liberté s’arrête au moment ou elle est utilisé contre la sécurité des autres.&lt;br /&gt;Au niveau de l’orientation sexuelle des citoyens, une loi est présentement en discussion afin de permettre le mariage homosexuel et la transmission de l’héritage entre des couples du même sexe, il s’agit de la loi de l’équité des genres5.&lt;br /&gt;DROITS POLITIQUES&lt;br /&gt;Depuis 1998, le Venezuela a vécu plus de 14 processus électoraux, et ce marqué par un fort taux de participation. Plusieurs élections présidentielles, municipales et législatives ont lieu, et ce à des dates fixes. De plus, plusieurs référendums ont été lancés afin de prendre le pouls de la population sur l'élaboration d'une nouvelle constitution, la tenue d'un référendum révocatoire et une modification constitutionnelle. Au sein de la Constitution est stipulé que le peuple peut demander au mi-mandat présidentiel un référendum révocatoire permettant d'appeler de nouvelles élections présidentielles, et ce via la présentation de pétitions. Notons qu’un tel référendum révocatoire à bel et bien eu lieu en 2004, (deux ans seulement après le coups d’état) demandé par l’opposition, (la même qui à supportée le coups d’état) et qu’il a été perdant à 59%.&lt;br /&gt;De plus, afin de rompre avec les vieilles institutions corrompues du passé et favoriser la participation populaire dans le processus bolivarien, des conseils communaux6 s’installent un peu partout au Venezuela. Le conseil communal fonctionne par l’élection d’un certain nombre de porte-parole et des membres d’un minimum de sept commissions qui auront pour objectif de gérer les diverses activités de la communauté. Pour le moment, le conseil est principalement l’interlocuteur entre la communauté et l’instance gouvernementale nationale.&lt;br /&gt;DROITS SOCIAUX ET DES FAMILLES&lt;br /&gt;Le gouvernement bolivarien a mis de l'avant plusieurs missions en termes de santé et de famille. Une des plus notables dans ses avancées est la mission Barrio Adentro (à l'intérieur du quartier) qui a permis l'introduction de cliniques publiques à l'intérieur de quartier et la construction d'hôpitaux (avec l'aide de Cuba qui « prêté » plus de 10 000 médecins au Venezuela en échange d'une réduction de dette) en plus d'offrir un service de santé universel (gratuit), spécialisé et moderne. La mission SUMED a permis de son côté l’accès gratuit à des produits pharmaceutiques pour les familles vénézueliennes. Plusieurs aux missions ont également été mises sur pied en santé, dont Miracle qui vise à soigner la cécité et Negra Hipolita offrant un soutien aux toxicomanes et sans-abris. La mission Madres del Barrio a&lt;br /&gt;5 Lois sur l’équité des genres: Art. 8. « Chaque personne a le droit d’exercer son orientation et identité sexuelle préférée de façon libre et non-discriminatoire. En conséquence, l’État reconnaîtra les couples déjà établis entre des deux conjoints de même sexe, par accord mutuel, dans un consentement libre et effectif judiciairement et patrimonialement. »&lt;br /&gt;6 Conseils communaux: un conseil communal est un groupe d’habitants, en zone rurale ou urbaine. La participation aux conseils communaux est totalement volontaire et n’est pas rémunérée&lt;br /&gt;permis de fournir des biens et services gratuits aux mères ayant un faible de revenu et étant monoparentale. Ainsi, le taux de mortalité infantile a diminué de 7,7% depuis 1998 et l'espérance de vie a augmenté de 1,7 an.&lt;br /&gt;En termes de soutien alimentaire, la mission MERCAL et l'entreprise publique PDVAL (financé par l'entreprise pétrolière étatique PDVSA), reconnu par l'OMS, a permis d'augmenter la distribution et l'accès à des produits essentiels subventionnés par l'État aux quartiers moins nantis du Venezuela. Plusieurs comptoirs alimentaires ont également fait leur apparition où des repas sont servis au peuple et où la nourriture est distribuée. Il existe aujourd'hui pus de 6000 marchés où plus de 3,2 millions de kilos sont distribués quotidiennement et bénéficiant à plus de 8 millions de personnes. De plus, ils ont permis un développement accru de l'industrie agro-alimentaire du Venezuela qui avait été décroissant lors des mandats présidentiels précédents.&lt;br /&gt;Grâce aux fonds versés directement aux communautés et à la mission Plan Bolivar7, plusieurs quartiers ont pu amélioré leurs infrastructures. Par exemple, Le taux de personnes ayant accès à l'eau potable est passé de 82% en 1998 à 94% en 2009 et le taux de personnes ayant accès au système de canalisation d'eau potable est passé de 64% en 1998 à 84% en 2009.&lt;br /&gt;DROITS CULTURELS ET ÉDUCATIFS&lt;br /&gt;Le gouvernement bolivarien valorise les sports et la culturel. D'ailleurs, le nombre de participants aux jeux Olympiques a passé de 39 pour les jeux d'Atlanta en 1996 à 109 pour les jeux de Beijing an 2008. De plus, l'Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar est réputée à travers le monde pour son talent et son ingéniosité.&lt;br /&gt;Dans le secteur de l'éducation, plusieurs missions ont été mise de l'avant dont Robinson, Ribas et Sucre. Ces missions ont permis une alphabétisation massive et volontaire du peuple vénézuélien faisant du pays un territoire libre d'analphabétisme en 2008 selon l'UNESCO, un soutien aux jeunes du secondaire permettant de conjuguer travail et famille menant à réduction de 40% du taux d'échec scolaire ainsi qu'un soutien économique aux étudiants du post-secondaire. Le taux de remise de diplômes au Venezuela a augmenté de 60% pour le préscolaire, 91% pour le primaire et 58% pour l'universitaire de 1998 à 2009.&lt;br /&gt;DROITS ÉCONOMIQUES&lt;br /&gt;Le peuple vénézuelien a pu également jouir de grandes avancées du point de vue des droits économiques. Le taux de personnes en situation de pauvreté extrême est passé de 20,3% en 1998 à 7,2% en 2009. Rappelons que la pauvreté absolue signifie une insuffisance de logement, d’habits et de nourriture. Le taux de personnes ayant un niveau de vie sous le seuil de pauvreté est également passé de 50,4% en 1998 à 28,5% en 2009. L'Indice de développement humain (IDH) a passé de 0,6798 en 1998 à 0,8263 en 2007, soit d'un IDH bas à élever en moins d’une décennie. Ceci n’est possible qu’avec des politiques de&lt;br /&gt;7 Plan Bolivar: utilisation de plus de 40 000 soldats pour construire des écoles, des maisons, distribuer de la nourriture, fournir des vaccin sa la population, etc.&lt;br /&gt;redistribution de la richesse du pays pro pauvres. Le Coefficient de Gini8 a passé de 0,498 en 1999 à 0,3928 en 2009, soit le plus bas en Amérique latine (Colombie: 0,572 en 1999 et 0,584 en 2005). Ce qui permet d’apprécier les effets bénéfiques de la redistribution de la richesse par le gouvernement bolivarien. Afin d’avoir une bonne idée des effets et politiques connexes, on peut se servir des indicateurs suivant :&lt;br /&gt;• Le taux Besoins de base insatisfaits9 (BBI) pour les foyers pauvres est passé de 28,9% en 1998 à 23,6% en 2009&lt;br /&gt;• Le taux Besoins de base insatisfaits (BBI) pour les foyers en pauvreté extrême est passé de 10,8%% en 1998 à 7,9%% en 2009&lt;br /&gt;• Le taux d'inflation sous le gouvernement d'Hugo Chavez est demeuré stable avec 20,7% (Rafael Cardera 59,4% - 1993-1998, Carlos A. Pérez 45,3% - 1998-1993, Jaime Lusinchi 22,7% - 1984-1988)&lt;br /&gt;• Le taux de chômage a passé de 15% en 1998 à 10,2% en 2009 (le Canada avait un taux de chômage de 7,2% en janvier 2009)&lt;br /&gt;• Le taux d'emploi dans le secteur formel est passé de 47,6% (1999) à 56% (2009) et de 525,4% (1999) à 44% (2009) dans le secteur informel&lt;br /&gt;• Le salaire minimum est passé de 185,1$US en 1998 à 450$US en 2009 • Le nombre de retraités recevant une pension est passé de 475 114 en 1998 à 1 462&lt;br /&gt;443 en 2009 En bref, les droits économiques des vénézueliens et vénézueliennes à une qualité de vie qui s’améliore constamment sont observables par les chiffres. Rappelons que cela est également bonifié par le Capital Social que produit les politiques du gouvernement bolivarien d’encourager la participation active de la population aux affaires publiques et par la consolidation et la multiplication des Conseils Communaux. L’économie vénézuélienne se porte aujourd’hui beaucoup mieux qu’avant. Même que, selon une étude de Mark Weisbrot et Luis Sandoval, le secteur financier privé a connu une croissance de 37,9% en 2004, de 34,6% en 2005 et de 39,2% en 2006 alors que le secteur public (tous secteurs confondus) n’a connu qu’une croissance de 12,5% en 2004, de 4,1% en 2005, de 2,9% en 2006. On est donc loin des affirmations des médias d’oppositions qui disent que Chavez nationalise en excès.&lt;br /&gt;DROITS DES PEUPLES INDIGÈNES&lt;br /&gt;Tout d’abord, on peut mentionner que le Venezuela est signataire de la Déclaration des droits des peuples autochtones de l’ONU. Rappelons que les autochtones ne constituent qu'une faible portion de la population du Venezuela et ils ne dépassent pas les 320 000 locuteurs. Avant le gouvernement bolivarien, certains ont traité de la condition des peuples autochtones au Venezuela de véritable « génocide ethno culturel ». Les droits des peuples autochtones sont maintenant reconnus dans un véritable arsenal d'instruments juridiques. Mentionnons : la Loi sur l’éducation des peuples indigènes et sur l’usage de leurs langues (18 juin 2001), la Loi d'approbation de la Convention no 169 relative aux peuples indigènes et tribaux de l'Organisation internationale du travail (no 37.305 du 17 octobre 2001), la Convention relative&lt;br /&gt;8 Coefficient de Gini: un nombre variant de 0 à 1, où 0 signifie l'égalité parfaite (tout le monde a le même revenu) et 1 signifie l'inégalité totale (une personne a tout le revenu, les autres n'ont rien, cas extrême du maître et de ses esclaves).&lt;br /&gt;9 Besoins de base insatisfaits: coefficient évaluant ensemble le taux d'enfants n'allant pas à l'école, la quantité d'individu par chambre (3 et+), habitation insalubre, chef de famille ayant moins de 3 années d'éducation, non-accès à l'eau potable et aux services sanitaire. Est considéré un foyer pauvre si le BBI est moins de 1 et extrême si 2 BBI ou plus.&lt;br /&gt;aux peuples indigènes et tribaux (octobre 2001) et la Loi organique sur la culture (octobre 2001). D’ailleurs, les peuples autochtones ont une garantit de représentation politique d’élus au parlement vénézuelien. La Constitution vénézuélienne reconnaît de grands gains pour les peuples autochtones à parti de l’Article 119.&lt;br /&gt;DROITS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX&lt;br /&gt;La protection de l’environnement et le développement durable, en concertation avec les populations locales, est au cœur de la Constitution vénézuelienne et des politiques du gouvernement bolivarien. On ne peut nier que les revenues venant du secteur pétrolier sont primordiales pour l’économie du pays; ceci dit il ne s’agit aucunement d’un développement sauvage imposé aux populations locales. Aux articles 127, 128 et 129 de la Constitution, il est spécifié les devoirs de l’État en termes de protection de l’environnement, de planification de l’aménagement du territoire et la gestion des activités touchant les écosystèmes. Le gouvernement a, par exemple, le devoir d’assurer la mise en œuvre d'études d'impact environnemental et socioculturel concernant les activités pouvant causer des dommages.&lt;br /&gt;Quelques chiffres concernant la satisfaction de la population : • 62,7% des Vénézuéliens considèrent que leur situation globale s'est améliorée&lt;br /&gt;depuis 1998 • 67% considèrent que leur situation économique s'est améliorée • 70,6% de la population qualifie que les missions éducatives sont bonnes • 79,3% de la population est d’avis pour dire que les missions ont amélioré le niveau&lt;br /&gt;éducationnel du peuple • 82,2% sont d’avis pour dire que les jeunes ont plus d'opportunités de formation et&lt;br /&gt;d'avancées • 73,9% considèrent que le mandat présidentiel se déroule bien • 43,2% considèrent que l'opposition se développe bien • 56,8% des Vénézuéliens voteraient à nouveau pour Hugo Chavez&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-2503238063100904058?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/2503238063100904058/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/05/des-droits-humains-dans-la-republique.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/2503238063100904058'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/2503238063100904058'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/05/des-droits-humains-dans-la-republique.html' title='Des droits humains dans la République bolivarienne du Venezuela'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-8909475330218503418</id><published>2010-02-19T08:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-19T08:28:56.227-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='HONDURAS - Tortured'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Exiled Honduran Journalist Recalls His Experiences  by Tamar Sharabi'/><title type='text'>HONDURAS SIGUEN LAS TORTURAS - texto en ingles</title><content type='html'>Interview: Tortured, Exiled Honduran Journalist Recalls His Experiences&lt;br /&gt; by Tamar Sharabi  &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;http://upsidedownworld.org/main/honduras-archives-46/2362--interview-tortured-exiled-honduran-journalist-recalls-his-experience&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upside Down World: Before the Honduras Coup Detat of June 28th 2009,  &lt;br /&gt;tell me a little about your life. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Cesar Silva:&lt;br /&gt; I  have always been involved in popular struggles. During university I &lt;br /&gt;was  elected Secretary of the University Reform Front (FRU) from where &lt;br /&gt;we  constantly held a line of complaints denouncing corruption and  &lt;br /&gt;participating in different actions to benefit students. I was also  &lt;br /&gt;elected president of Journalism Students for two consecutive terms from &lt;br /&gt; 1998 to 2002, during which we founded the "Vanguard University Journal"&lt;br /&gt;  and "Magazine Alert" that circulated once a month across the country's&lt;br /&gt;  universities.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Upon graduating from the National  Autonomous &lt;br /&gt;University of Honduras (UNAH), I worked for six years as a  reporter for&lt;br /&gt; Channel 9 TV (Vica TV), the last two years of which I was a  news &lt;br /&gt;director for that company in Tegucigalpa. I also worked for  Channel 63 &lt;br /&gt;for two years, along with Renato Alvarez who is now director  of the &lt;br /&gt;news of Televicentro. (Read, ‘Coup Mouthpiece’) I also worked  four &lt;br /&gt;years at Channel 54, which produced a program called "The  protagonists &lt;br /&gt;of the News.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; In 2006 Jorge Arturo  Reina Idiáquez (Ambassador &lt;br /&gt;of Honduras to the UN) offered me a position  with the Ministry of &lt;br /&gt;Interior and Justice in the Zelaya Government. My  position was Director&lt;br /&gt; of Communications where I worked directly with the  newspaper and &lt;br /&gt;Channel 8, called ‘Citizen Power Information Network’  founded under &lt;br /&gt;Zelaya’s government.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; In May 2009 I  was called to work with the &lt;br /&gt;Presidential Palace to coordinate work for  production and coverage of &lt;br /&gt;the popular consultation process (‘cuarta  urna’) for public Channel 8. I&lt;br /&gt; was assigned a mobile unit to report from  the northern municipalities &lt;br /&gt;of Olancho and Francisco Morazán beside the  first lady, Xiomara Castro.&lt;br /&gt; That's how I became involved directly in  the events during the coup. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW:&lt;br /&gt; What happened to you on June  28th?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS: &lt;br /&gt;Preparations were intense in the days  before the coup and increased &lt;br /&gt;when the Armed Forces refused to  distribute electoral materials. The &lt;br /&gt;ballot boxes were held at the air  base Hernan Acosta. President Zelaya &lt;br /&gt; along with supporters came to  rescue the ballots to distribute them &lt;br /&gt;into state cars. From there it was  a race of information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;br /&gt;night of June 27, I was at the  Presidential Palace until midnight and &lt;br /&gt;in the early morning I left  towards Olancho. When I passed the town of &lt;br /&gt;Guaimaca (a town 90 km from  Tegucigalpa) the President was being &lt;br /&gt;captured. There, police and the  army captured me as well. My cameraman,&lt;br /&gt; driver, and assistants managed  to escape to warn people what had &lt;br /&gt;happened.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; People  gathered in Guaimaca at the town's central &lt;br /&gt;park and demanded that the  police release me. I was finally released by&lt;br /&gt; noontime because of the  people’s pressure. Still, the police called &lt;br /&gt;for reinforcements from  another municipality and within a half hour an &lt;br /&gt;army truck arrived and  began to repress people in the park and the &lt;br /&gt;police forces chased me  down. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; People took me from house to &lt;br /&gt;house, jumping  lots and properties until I was in a safe place outside &lt;br /&gt;the town. I  stayed there until nighttime when presidential house &lt;br /&gt;vehicles (that were  still under the legitimate government) came to pick&lt;br /&gt; me up. We had to  travel on back roads to evade the army and police &lt;br /&gt;posts to arrive in  Tegucigalpa at two in the morning. Since their was a&lt;br /&gt; curfew we had no  choice but to reach the presidential palace where &lt;br /&gt;people remained  gathered in protest. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; They seized the entire  &lt;br /&gt;equipment of the team; cameras and microphones. In Olancho they stole  &lt;br /&gt;our truck the mobile unit that accompanied the first lady, Xiomara  &lt;br /&gt;Castro. On the 29th more chaos came and repression continued.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW:&lt;br /&gt; The 5th of July you helped carry the dead body of Isis Obed. &lt;br /&gt;How did it  feel to pause from your reporters role to help Isis receive &lt;br /&gt;medical  attention?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS: It is impossible to &lt;br /&gt;separate being a  journalist and being a human being. As a reporter I &lt;br /&gt;was interested in  taking pictures, and I took the first ones because I &lt;br /&gt;thought that Isis  Murillo Obed was dead. Then I approached him and saw &lt;br /&gt;that he was  breathing and moving in the density of all the tear gas. &lt;br /&gt;People were  shouting that he was dead, but when I took him in my arms &lt;br /&gt;he opened his  eyes and tried to say something that molded into a moan &lt;br /&gt;of pain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There was still army gunfire hitting a small wall near &lt;br /&gt; where Isis Obed fell. We could hear the bullets striking the wall, and &lt;br /&gt; at that very moment there was an explosion and everyone hit the ground.&lt;br /&gt;  It turned out to be a motorcycle that had exploded. Consequently, I &lt;br /&gt;gave  the camera to a friend and shouted that we needed to move Isis.  &lt;br /&gt;With  the help of some other guys we carried him about 300 meters to a &lt;br /&gt;car  that we found. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; I felt anger, pain and  helplessness.  I &lt;br /&gt;did not know the child's age, and perhaps had never  seen him in my &lt;br /&gt;life. I thought he was 10 or 12 years old. He had no  weapons, he just &lt;br /&gt;looked helpless.  It looked so unfair that I just felt  like yelling &lt;br /&gt;"Gorillas assassinate children."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; I  forgot that I was a reporter&lt;br /&gt; and I just thought of the life of that  child. I asked for his family &lt;br /&gt;but nobody knew anything. I hoped he would  be saved in the hospital, &lt;br /&gt;but taking the pictures, it seemed impossible  for him to live. The shot&lt;br /&gt; impacted his skull. On my chest there were  remains of his brain and &lt;br /&gt;his blood.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW: After this day, did  anything &lt;br /&gt;change about the way you reported on the situation in the  country?     &lt;br /&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS: I will never forget that  moment.&lt;br /&gt; That event drives me to continue so that Isis’s life and others  will &lt;br /&gt;not go unpunished. The murderers must pay their crime.  Witnessing  so &lt;br /&gt;many beatings, so much unjustified repression, it was clear that the  &lt;br /&gt;intentions of the coup were to establish a dictatorship. I decided to  &lt;br /&gt;continue looking for ways to disseminate what was happening. I started  &lt;br /&gt;working for the internet blog and the National Resistance Front Against &lt;br /&gt; the Coup, and freelanced with Radio Globo, Telesur and the History  &lt;br /&gt;Channel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; I changed; I am more insistent, I'm more  critical. &lt;br /&gt;During the Michelletti regime I collaborated in every way  possible to &lt;br /&gt;denounce the coup. We went from neighborhood to  neighborhood, people to&lt;br /&gt; people. I grew more into a neighborhood  journalist, I just had to be &lt;br /&gt;more creative because they stole or  destroyed the equipment we had at &lt;br /&gt;every opportunity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; UDW: As a  national &lt;br /&gt;reporter, how did you feel about the international media  reporting on &lt;br /&gt;Honduras?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS: As always there are many  &lt;br /&gt;interests. At first it seemed somewhat balanced, but within a few days  &lt;br /&gt;it was clear who uninformed and those who told the truth. The big chains&lt;br /&gt;  such as CNN, Univision, Telemundo and others within a few days took &lt;br /&gt;off  their mask and began calling Michelletti president and considered &lt;br /&gt;it a  constitutional succession. Other European countries were more &lt;br /&gt;objective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The independent press were the ones who maintained &lt;br /&gt;the  reality. They called it like it was. Telesur was objective about &lt;br /&gt;the  crackdowns and repression, but in fact they were favorable towards &lt;br /&gt; Zelaya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW: Talk about the elections that took&lt;br /&gt; place under the  coup regime. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CS: I classify &lt;br /&gt;the elections on November 29th in  two scenarios:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1 . The &lt;br /&gt;Resistance and the conscious people knew  that the elections were only &lt;br /&gt;to change the face of the coup, but that  the situation would stay the &lt;br /&gt;same.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. The Nationalists interested  in winning the elections &lt;br /&gt;wanted to secure work with the new government.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There was a low&lt;br /&gt; turnout. Supporters of the  National party took advantage of the &lt;br /&gt;situation because the Liberal party  was split and had called on &lt;br /&gt;supporters to boycott the elections. The  images speak for themselves. &lt;br /&gt;The streets were full of policemen and  soldiers, the military in the &lt;br /&gt;polling areas, and a permanent anxiety in  the population; panic, fear, &lt;br /&gt;terror and empty booths.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; UDW: When  did you &lt;br /&gt;begin to be threatened personally?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS: The  &lt;br /&gt;threats started after July 5 when the police and army did not view me  &lt;br /&gt;as a journalist anymore. This increased when I traveled to Nicaragua to &lt;br /&gt; do reports on Zelaya and after the demonstration on August 12 at the  &lt;br /&gt;National Congress when Deputy Ramon Velasquez Nassar was kicked. There  &lt;br /&gt;was brutal repression that day and I was physically assaulted. The  &lt;br /&gt;military forces took pictures and video of me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; In  every march &lt;br /&gt;afterwards the police would see me. Also in the eviction of  the &lt;br /&gt;peasants from the National Agrarian Institute (INA), the police  &lt;br /&gt;assaulted me and took pictures. Later,  I would constantly receive  &lt;br /&gt;anonymous threatening phone calls. I changed my number, but I was still &lt;br /&gt; being watched and persecuted. I ignored these threats and didn’t take  &lt;br /&gt;them seriously because everyday nothing would happen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Then I &lt;br /&gt;received a call from the Intelligence of the Armed Forces who  warned me&lt;br /&gt; to stop doing my work. I denounced this to Cofadeh and CODEH,  two &lt;br /&gt;human rights organizations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW: Explain the &lt;br /&gt;events on  that day you were kidnapped. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS: I &lt;br /&gt;was kidnapped  on Monday December 29th when I was on my way from the &lt;br /&gt;south where I went  to distribute a documentary about the resistance and&lt;br /&gt; met with related  colleagues.  Arriving in Tegucigalpa, I took a taxi &lt;br /&gt;from ‘Loarque’ on  the beltway around the city to my house. Having &lt;br /&gt;traveled less than one  kilometer, a vehicle approached us, a beige van,&lt;br /&gt; and individuals drew  their weapons from the window ordering the taxi &lt;br /&gt;to pull over. We  initially tried to run, but another vehicle crossed us&lt;br /&gt; on the highway  and we could not advance. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; They approached the &lt;br /&gt;taxi  and held the driver at gunpoint, telling him to stay quiet &lt;br /&gt;otherwise  they would kill him. They pulled me out of the taxi beating &lt;br /&gt;me up and  took me into their car to a remote place in the mountains. We&lt;br /&gt; traveled  about an hour while I was beaten inside the car. First they &lt;br /&gt;made me sit  with my head between my legs, then they put a hood on me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The kidnappers did not cover their faces nor were they wearing  &lt;br /&gt;military clothes but by their vocabulary and communication by telephone &lt;br /&gt; with the ‘Jackal,’ it was clear they were getting orders. We reached an&lt;br /&gt;  area away from the city where they put me in a dark room. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; I &lt;br /&gt;was held from December 29 at 9:00am until the December 30th at  noon. &lt;br /&gt;During these 27 hours I was interrogated every 45 minutes and  punched &lt;br /&gt;in areas that leave no trace; my feet soles, testicles, stomach,  and &lt;br /&gt;back, using their fists. I was naked and they kept wetting my body.  In a&lt;br /&gt; moment of increased tension they tried to suffocate me with water.   &lt;br /&gt;They threw water on my face until I was no longer able to breathe. I  &lt;br /&gt;swallowed as much water as possible,  but as I felt like I was drowning,&lt;br /&gt;  another officer yelled that they would kill me another faster way. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The interrogations were about weapons; where they were,  who were my &lt;br /&gt;contacts and how many leaders existed. They also asked where  all my &lt;br /&gt;photos and videos were stored and what type of profile  information we &lt;br /&gt;had of military leaders. They continued to threaten that I  would not &lt;br /&gt;leave there alive and that I'd better trust in God. They  offered me &lt;br /&gt;drugs to take to ease the pain of dying which I refused to  accept.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; On the morning of December 30, one of the  officers told me that my &lt;br /&gt;life might be saved but that he wasn’t sure.  Then I heard the torturers&lt;br /&gt; begin to plan my death. One of them suggested  a shot in the head but &lt;br /&gt;then decided I would not suffer enough that way.  Another one said they &lt;br /&gt;would let me hang myself from a tree or that they  drag me attached to &lt;br /&gt;the car along the street. Then one of them said  they could open my &lt;br /&gt;stomach and slowly pull out my intestines so I could  talk as I died. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Hours later they took me out of  there blindfolded with a hood and took&lt;br /&gt; me to “throw me out”. They dumped  me in Tegucigalpa between the &lt;br /&gt;neighborhood ‘Cerro Grande’ and ‘El  Chile,’ in a sector that is &lt;br /&gt;mountainous and very isolated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW: You are &lt;br /&gt;currently living in exile. How much time do you imagine you will  need &lt;br /&gt;to live outside your country in order to protect yourself? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS:&lt;br /&gt; Yes I am in exile now. Human rights organizations  supported me to &lt;br /&gt;leave Honduras and my few remaining friends recommended  me to do the &lt;br /&gt;same in order to save my life since Renan Fajardo who  edited my &lt;br /&gt;documentary was murdered in his apartment and Walter Trochez  who helped&lt;br /&gt; distributed the material was also killed. Without a doubt the  next one&lt;br /&gt; was me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; I do not know how long I'll be  out of the country. I &lt;br /&gt;am anxious to return to be with my family and to  continue to produce &lt;br /&gt;reports of the experiences of people in the street,  but it is difficult&lt;br /&gt; at this point.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW: In what way do you  &lt;br /&gt;continue working from exile?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS: I have been  &lt;br /&gt;fortunate to find many people who have been supportive and have invited &lt;br /&gt; me to do lectures in universities and in grassroots organizations. I've&lt;br /&gt;  given four lectures with audiovisual students about media coverage in &lt;br /&gt; risky situations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; I also do some radio and  television to &lt;br /&gt;discuss my experiences and do political analysis on the  situation in &lt;br /&gt;Honduras. I continue to write the chronicles of the coup  repression and&lt;br /&gt; am working on a book which I think will be called  "Repressed &lt;br /&gt;Honduras," which tells the whole story that people really  lived.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW:&lt;br /&gt; What is the hardest part of being in exile?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS:&lt;br /&gt; Maybe it's the hurry of leaving everything abandoned;  your home, your &lt;br /&gt;family, the stuff you had a hard time sacrificing and  working for. In &lt;br /&gt;my case, I left my loved ones in tears; my mother, my  son. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The&lt;br /&gt; difficulty in arriving in the new place  is getting rid of the hatred &lt;br /&gt;and to stop thinking of what you left  behind.  You have to live here as&lt;br /&gt; a ‘nobody’ so that know one can find  you and you can avoid the risks. &lt;br /&gt;The dreams abandon you, the uncertainty  eats you. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UDW:&lt;br /&gt; As you analyze the difficulties of the 'free  press' in Honduras with &lt;br /&gt;the new "unity government" of Pepe Lobo?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CS: &lt;br /&gt;Free Press?! That will be difficult. This  government is only the &lt;br /&gt;continuation of the coup d'etat. They are not  interested in telling the&lt;br /&gt; truth to the the population. Porfirio Lobo and  his people are &lt;br /&gt;interested in being well and having their companies and  their &lt;br /&gt;businesses do well. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The independent press will remain at  war, but the economically &lt;br /&gt;suffocating private enterprise will remove  them within a short time. &lt;br /&gt;Watch Channel 36 and you will realize that the  editorial policy has &lt;br /&gt;changed. Although it continues to support the  resistance, its profile &lt;br /&gt;is different; it is more ‘pepista’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The program ‘Habla como &lt;br /&gt;Habla’ of Channel 66 has also changed,  it is not with the resistance &lt;br /&gt;anymore, but with the new government. Only  Radio Globo stands firm. &lt;br /&gt;Independent journalists and foreigners using  their own websites are &lt;br /&gt;those that will continue telling the truth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tamar  Sharabi is&lt;br /&gt; an environmental engineer and freelance journalist living in  Central &lt;br /&gt;America. She is working on media empowerment with human rights  &lt;br /&gt;organizations and on a documentary about the Honduran coup detat. To  &lt;br /&gt;support her work visit: www.giveforward.com/tamardocuments.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-8909475330218503418?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/8909475330218503418/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/02/honduras-siguen-las-torturas-texto-en.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/8909475330218503418'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/8909475330218503418'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/02/honduras-siguen-las-torturas-texto-en.html' title='HONDURAS SIGUEN LAS TORTURAS - texto en ingles'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-7212149275057676255</id><published>2010-02-09T15:16:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-09T15:18:04.447-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='author Maria Paez Victor'/><title type='text'>From Conquistadores, Dictators and Multinationals to the Bolivarian Revolution</title><content type='html'>December 4th 2009, by Maria Paez Victor - Znet&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keynote speech at the Conference on Land and Freedom, of The Caribbean Studies Program, University of Toronto, October 31, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Es importante no olvidar que uno ha olvidado."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;("It is important not to forget that one has forgotten")&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;F. Baez [1]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I come to talk about some horrific things that have befallen Latin American and Caribbean people, but I also will talk about some extraordinary things that are making our America the most hope-filled region, a beacon for the planet's future.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Today is the last day of the month of October - the month in which many countries celebrate "Columbus Day", the day supposedly Europeans "discovered" the misnamed continent of America, and tonight is Halloween when tradition says that spirits of the dead may roam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What would the spirits of our America say if we indeed could see and hear them?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I dare to answer for them: that Columbus was a mass murderer, an unrelenting racist, who carried out one of the most complete and extensive genocides in history upon the original peoples of our America. Their spirits would tell us all the cruelties that these barbaric Europeans perpetuated upon them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the II World War, the German Nazi government carried out a deliberate and organized genocide against Jewish people in Europe and it included eliminating all sorts of "misfits" such as mentally ill people, homosexuals and indeed, any dissenter to their empire. It is good that even now, 64 years afterwards, the memory of that holocaust is kept alive so the world may not forget that state terrorism, that horrific genocide. An estimate of six million has been calculated died in the Nazi concentration camps. We must never forget.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, an even greater genocide against the indigenous peoples of this continent is "controversial" or denied, instead of outwardly repudiated. It was that "civilized" European massacred other "civilized" Europeans that was found so shocking about the Nazi atrocities. Not so when those massacred are dark people from beyond. Centuries before the Nazi, there was this other genocide, one that has been largely forgotten, hidden behind a masquerade called "progress" or "civilization".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The period of Conquest of Latin America and the Caribbean - roughly between 1492-1570- was an organized, deliberate, physical elimination of entire peoples through brutal torture and death. It included their enslavement "for their own good" , the suppression of their culture, history, and languages. They systematically destroyed their original records, the learning, the music, the theatre, and dance of the original peoples throughout the vast region. In other words, it was also a cultural genocide. As the brilliant Latin American scholar Fernando Baez [2] demonstrates, it is this destruction of our history that lies at the heart of the contradictions, the dependency and the exploitations that continues today in Latin America and the Caribbean: a continent that has been robbed of much more than just its rich resources, its peoples have been denied its collective memory and true identity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let us remember some of that history because, in fact, it continues to impact us to this day: the pillaging of our America, the racism with which our peoples have been and are regarded, the misery under which many are still living, has persisted through Conquest, Colonialism and post-colonialism to this, the era of global capitalism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That same Columbus, whose name is celebrated in streets, schools, monuments, even an entire country, personally led the massacre against the Taina (Arawak) people of Haiti with a few cavalry, 200 foot soldiers and trained dogs.[3] It is well documented in the historical record that in the Caribbean and in Mexico thousands of indigenous women were raped then thrown to trained dogs that tore them to pieces.[4] In Haiti, the repression and murder of the Taina people was so complete that by mid 16th century, its culture had been eradicated completely.[5]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A very small number of Europeans during the Conquest were able to exterminate an indigenous population of between 70 to 100 million people. None of the genocide of the 20th century can compare to this carnage, not Hitler, not Stalin, indeed, one cannot think of any historical genocide of this magnitude. [6]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their cultures have been lost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the beginning of the 16th Century, the indigenous people represented 99% of the population of Latin America and the Caribbean, today they represent only 30%. In the countries that have the greatest percentage of indigenous peoples (Peru, Mexico, Guatemala, Bolivia and Ecuador) they count no higher than 27%. There are 770 distinct indigenous peoples in Latin America and the Caribbean but not one group has more than 5, 000 members. They are among the poorest of the poor, excluded, marginalized, suffering misery, and hounded by landowners, miners, and multinational companies that covet their lands and resources. The history of our America is the history of land and freedom - the struggle to defend one and to exert the other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tenochtitlán, the Aztec capital, today México City, was a marvel of urban design - much more sophisticated, better planned, healthier and as beautiful as any in Europe. Its destruction and pillage at the hands of Hernán Cortéz was monumental; it was the first great looting in our America. The genocide of the Mexican people was unbelievable, unprecedented: the 25 million inhabitants that Techochtitlán had in 1500 was reduced to one million between 1519 and 1605: that is a 96% decrease of the indigenous population. Tenochtitlán was not destroyed as an "unintended" consequence of war - as the historian Hugh Thomas asserts: " its destruction was a deliberate tactic, deliberately and carefully, methodically carried out, with all the energy of a European war without thinking that they were ruining a work of art..."[7]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Báez points out that today one cannot imagine building a Christian church on top of the pyramids of Egypt or Stonhenge - yet that is what happened in Tenochtitlán: today one can see México's cathedral that was deliberately built on the ruins of the great Aztec temples. This is a key example of the cultural looting, the destruction of a culture and all its artifacts, symbols and history. México of course, in the 19th century went on to lose half of its land to another empire, the USA.[8]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The destruction of Cuzco, the ancient capital of the Inca empire, the largest in South America that extended from Colombia to Chile and Argentina, followed the same pattern as Tenochtitlán's. Francisco Pizarro, carried out the conquest of the Incas through butchery and treachery. It is documented that he invited the best Inca warriors and their wise men to visit him and callously poisoned their drinks with arsenic.[9]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lope de Aguirre, another sanguinary conqueror, one of the great destroyers of indigenous cultures, went thorough eastern Venezuela leaving such a wake of murder and destruction that his name is still synonymous with all that is vile about the Conquest. He was obviously insane, as in the end he killed his own companions and his only daughter. One can speculate that perhaps the blood lust of all these barbaric men of conquest was a sign of their madness. The great nation of the Caribes in Venezuela, who ferociously defended its land and freedom, was laid waste by men such as these.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As for the Mayas, in southern México and Central America, they like the Aztec and Incas, were great builders and had records of their knowledge and an accurate solar calendar. Fray Diego de Landa (1524-79) wrote what the conquerors did to the Mayas: " They carried out unbelievable cruelties, they cut off their noses, arms and legs, they cut off women's breasts, tied pumpkins full of rocks on their feet and threw them into deep lagoons; they beat the children with sticks when they did not walk fast enough and if they got sick they cut off their heads...The Spaniards excused themselves by saying that they could not subjugate so many people unless they filled them with fear of terrible punishments." However, religious fanatism led this same Landa, in 1562 to authorize the killing of 4,000 Mayans from Mérida, because they refused to stop adoring their idols.[10]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ancient Spanish sought gold in our lands. One historian of the time said they "were like hungry swine lusting after gold". Seventy years after Columbus landed, the Spanish Monarchs - Isabel and Ferdinand -had obtained more than 185,000 kilos of gold and 16 million kilos of silver. This fortune was the fruit of the slave work of indigenous peoples and African people. It is estimated that 15 million Africans were kidnapped and transported to the Latin America and the Caribbean - with 5 or 6 million dying on the way at sea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Spanish Monarchy was overjoyed with Columbus' exploits that came at the most opportune moment to save the aristocracy from the ruin of their racist wars that had driven the Arabs and the Jews from the Iberian Peninsula. This they carried out so efficiently, killing or expelling many thousands of them, and destroying as much of their cultural books and artifacts as possible, that they spent their royal treasure, ruined their agriculture and economy and were facing a dire decline of their fortunes, when Columbus offered them the wealth of a new continent and new peoples to oppress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spain had the upper hand in the colonization of our America but, it was not the only country. Guilt is shared by half of Europe. The Portuguese, English, French, Swedish and Danish ran slave trades and took over many of the Caribbean islands to turn into sugar plantations. Ironically, the immense fortune that Spain obtained from the Americas was spent -not on industry or investment in the development of Spain itself- but by the idle aristocracy on conspicuous consumption, and huge estates. Soon Spain owed millions to Europe's bankers and traders - German, Genoese, Flemish, Dutch. They all had a stake in Spain's looting of our America.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Venezuela, for example, to pay off debts to the Fugger German bankers, huge tracts of land and authority were given to them (1528) and in 1520 to the German Welsers, both who proceeded to wage a bloody war against the original peoples of Venezuela in search for gold. Bartolomé de las Casas, who wrote a chronicle in 1552 of the cruelties of the Conquest, described these Germans as "rabid wolves and lions", as "devils" that obliterated entire, peaceful ethnic groups in their thirst for gold. [11] One has to have a strong stomach to read his descriptions of the cruelties of that time of conquest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spain, its productive capacity stunted, had to import most of the manufactured goods it needed, and so the manufactured goods Spain sent to its colonies were not made in Iberia, but in other European countries. [12] Indeed, it was Latin American gold and silver, and African gold, ivory and slave labor, which paid the way for European capitalist development. As the famous economist John Maynard Keynes stated: "The modern age opened ...with the accumulation of capital which began in the 16th century...which resulted from the treasure of gold and silver which Spain brought from the New World into the Old...I trace the beginnings of British foreign investment to the treasure which Drake stole from Spain in 1580."[13]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The period of Colonization - from the late-16th to the mid-19th centuries- was a time in which Spain carried out a methodical process of substituting cultures of our America for a European one. The racist mentality predominated, but they would not have recognized it as such, but just as the natural, logical way of things.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The colonial elites that emerged took their cue from the Spanish aristocracy. They had little interest in developing agriculture or industry except in as much as it allowed them to live in opulence. Its racism, of course, dampened any interest in the human development of the indigenous populations, except that which would serve to subjugate it, by eliminating their language, denying worth to their, traditions, art, history, all to be substituted by European values and an instrumental Christianity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Venezuelan elites today have a profoundly racist complex that has even led intellectuals to refer to the Colonization as a positive event ( "the golden legend"). They have considered the system of "encomiendas" -enslavement of Indigenous peoples to work for particular landowners- simply as a way of "taking care of " them, and, many have glossed over the role that African slaves had on our economies and culture. To this day, many deny that inequality has roots in racism. For example, in Venezuela it has only been now, under President Chávez's government that recognition is given to African-Venezuelans. This the elite denounces as Chávez creating racism where none existed before.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet Colonial society was based on a rigid racial system that pervaded all its workings. There was a legal classification according to racial mix: the white people were of course the dominating elite, but even they had to have documents to prove the "purity" of their Spanish blood if they wanted to attain certain positions of power or join the professions; lower class whites were thus limited to lesser occupations and positions. All the rest, mixed people, were called "inferior peoples", or pardos and legally classified by their racial mix; mulattos were white and black, Tercerones were mulatto and white; Cuarterones were Terceron and white; Quinteron were white and Cuarteron; and Zambo were Indian with mulato or black. The colonial rules micro-managed all social life and any education or cultural expression were those approved by the elites. But even the elites suffered Spanish censorship which was ubiquitous in literature, history and the arts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Throughout Colonial times indigenous and Black people were considered lazy, unreliable, and even wicked and Spain justified their subjugation to itself and the world, as part of the evangelization of otherwise savage peoples. Two objectives were foremost: the destruction of any traditional religion that was not their version of Christianity, and the eradication of indigenous languages. More than 1,000 indigenous languages disappeared in 500 years - that is two per year.[14]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There were many rebellions and conflicts but I would like to tell you about two instances against Colonial rules carried out by Venezuelan women. By law, only white women were allowed to wear mantillas or mantos (shawls), hence they were called Mantuanas. In the 1770's Maria Francisca Peña, a Venezuelan pardo, started to use a manto - and took her case to the Real Audiencia - the maximum Spanish Law Court- and won that right. From then on mulatas took en masse, to the use of shawls. She was considered a woman of scandal for this. A few years later, the mulata women of Coro - in the eastern part of Venezuela- openly rebelled against the white women's exclusive right to the use of rugs and carpets in the churches. (There were no pews). This was considered "abominable dissolution" and "detestable abuse" and was not successful, but they made their point. One official stated: "Their mulatismo is of an arrogant, insolent and shameless kind".[15]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They eventually prevailed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mix of the races has been held up historically as something positive, as proof that the Spanish were not racist since they procreated with Indigenous and Black people. This covers up the horrible historical truth of the rape and sexual abuse of millions indigenous and African slave women, by their oppressors. It was not white women who married or procreated with indigenous men or Black men; it was the white dominant male who took women, mostly as concubines, from among the indigenous and slave population. I myself am a direct descendant of a mulato slave, my 3X great grandmother, named Felipa Lucena. After giving birth to a lighter coloured son, she won her freedom from my landowning ancestor, who- to his credit made him- his heir. This son, Capitán Hipólito Casiano Lucena, (my great great grandfather) became captain in the patriot army of Simón Bolívar and an abolitionist who helped Bolívar in his campaign to free slaves. For his efforts, he was savagely murdered by the local aristocracy of Carora.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the 19th Century, during the wars of independence, it is not surprising that the "pardos" and indigenous peoples flocked to the revolutionary armies. Not all, but significant numbers. One historian of the time said that the Venezuelan indigenous peoples did not forget the indignities and cruelties with which their ancestors had been treated by the ancient Spaniards and were an integral part of the army of Simón Bolívar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One consequence of the cultural destruction was that the Latin American and Caribbean societies that emerged, elites and all, believed themselves to be a mere copy of European societies, and- as the famous Venezuelan writer Rómulo Gallegos postulated : our societies were a perennial struggle of "the civilized " against "the barbarous". So our studies centred on European parameters - literature started with Cervantes, not with the Aztec Códices, the study of government started the Magna Carta , not with the Popl Vuh, the study of history started with Columbus, not with the history of Machu Pichu, the study of art, music, poetry started with its Europeans manifestations not our indigenous traditions. Therefore, the upper classes persisted in their emulation of all that was European and later from the USA, and all that was "Indian" or "Black" was necessarily, inferior.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, the sad reality is that after Independence, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean fell under the heel of another empire, the USA. Our America obtained a freedom FROM (a Colonial power) but did not attain a freedom TO (to exercise that freedom according to their sovereign will).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The three main instruments of US hegemony are:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Economic: through the lure and inroads of capitalist investments and business ventures with US corporations.&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Military: The first decades after Independence from Spain, was via gunboat diplomacy, then by co-opting the region's armed forces thorough the infamous School of the Americas in Georgia, USA, that trained the Latin American and Caribbean military in torture and to wage war against their own people, all under the justification of fighting communism.&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Cultural: this perhaps is the most ubiquitous, most sophisticated, and most insidious. Its instruments are a plethora of USA scholarships, internships and jobs in corporations, cultural associations, and NGO's. Nowhere was the cultural domination of the USA more intense and more successful than in oil-rich Venezuela. US Oil companies and corporations and associations, acted as a socializing agent to produce leaders for Venezuela in business, politics, the armed forces, and the police. Venezuela's elites lost the capacity to operate as instruments of national affirmation the more they became partners with US foreign capital and multinationals. One sociologist described this elite as having a perspective that was totally devoid of a role for the mass of the people; that had little or no sustained contact with them and in no sense felt pressured to meet the needs of the population.[16]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We clearly see this today as this elite battles the nation affirming government of President Chávez.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;US hegemony was not easy and did not come without a price for Latin America and the Caribbean. Since the end of the 19th Century, the USA invaded, overthrown, and destablized governments in the region about 90 times. Every one of the 20th century dictatorial governments in Latin America and the Caribbean has been backed by the USA. Indeed, in order to successfully grab power, it has been the sine qua non that the putative dictator must have the okay of the local USA embassy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When Fidel Castro had the audacity to overthrow the US backed dictator Batista, and after the failure of the US invasion of Bay of Pigs, then Operation Mongoose (1961) authorized by President Kennedy, befell Cuba with all manner of covert operations to overthrow the government. It was a prelude of greater crimes to come.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The peoples of our America then suffered another wave of genocide, an ideological one. In 1975, a diabolical plot emerged with the direction of the CIA, to unite the dictatorships of Latin American in a "War on Communism". It was the infamous Operation Condor that murdered, tortured or disappeared thousands of social reformers, socialists, and communists, from the various countries, noticeably Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. The inhuman men who carried out this Operation, invented "rendition" whereby people were snatched off the streets in one country and then transported to a second country where they would be tortured and disposed of without leaving a trace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The examples of Fidel Castro and Salvador Allende were too great a risk for the USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Venezuela, then supposedly a model of democracy, had a secret police trained and led by CIA agents (such as the criminal Luis Posada Carriles who blew up a Cuban airliner and is today living freely in Miami.) This secret police invented a novel way of disposing of troublesome reformers after torturing them they would drop them into the sea from helicopters, hoping that way their bodies would never be found. But bodies were found -washed up on the shore.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Throughout the region, 60,000 progressive reformers, socialists or communists were victims of this genocide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the 1990's, a new phase of economic domination emerged: a more virulent model of Capitalism. Not content with the "normal" extraction of resources, the multinational companies, with their partners, the IMF and the World Bank came up with the package of policies that would extend markets further into areas previously run by governments. This was called the Washington Consensus. Its premise was that multinational private enterprises could do a better job of safeguarding the public interest than the inept governments of the region. Therefore it prescribed privatization of public services, wide spread deregulation, lifting of tariffs, unrestricted investment flows and free access of large corporations to public contracts and domestic markets. These corporations even wanted to own the water that fell from the skies and ran in our streams.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These neo-liberal capitalist measures were foisted onto Latin American and Caribbean governments as conditions for obtaining international loans and even by threats. They have been a spectacular failure by almost any indicator: in one decade, they stunted the growth of income per person in the region (it fell from 82% to 9% to 1%), they increased the number of poor by 14 million, yet US banks and corporations obtained $1 trillion in profits from Latin America.[17]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The country that was most affected by these measures was the country that most thoroughly applied them: Venezuela. It was the country where the first popular rebellion against these measures occurred in February 27th of 1989 -the Caracazo- wherein about 3000 were killed by armed troops.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By 1998, this oil-rich country's economy was in ruins, schools and hospitals were almost derelict, and almost 80% of the population was impoverished.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But now we come to the good news.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1998, against all odds, Hugo Chávez, won the presidential elections in Venezuela by an astounding landslide, literally eliminating the two parties that had hitherto mis-governed the country for 40 years. Immediately the elites and middle classes opposed him as an upstart, an Indian who does not know his place, a Black who is a disgrace to the position. Hugo Chávez established a new Constitution that re-set the rules of a government that had been putty in the hands of the elites. Ratified in overwhelming numbers, the Constitution gave indigenous peoples, for the first time, the constitutional right to their language, religion, culture and lands. It established Human Rights, civil and social, like the right to food, a clean environment, education, jobs, and health care , binding the government to provide them. It declared the country a participatory democracy with direct input of people into political decision making through their communal councils and it asserted government control of oil revenues: Oil belongs to the people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The wealthy elite and its satellites, with backing of the USA, failed to overthrow President Chávez in 2002, and failed to paralyze the state oil company and the economy in 2003 with sabotage and lock out. These desperate acts of a profoundly anti-democratic opposition served only to consolidate the Bolivarian Revolution. However, the opposition continue to this day, its covert operations, and international campaign to discredit President Chávez, financing paramilitary and opposition groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been ten years since Hugo Chávez was first elected president of Venezuela, and in those years, we can now say that a new dawn has come not just over Venezuela, but over the entire sub-continent thanks to his example.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The impact of his Bolivarian Revolution can be seen in how it has used the enormous oil revenues and reserves to meet the real needs of Venezuelans, and this includes, the eradication of illiteracy, dramatic lowering of infant mortality, lowest rate of malnutrition in South America, the lowest ratio of inequality, the lowest unemployment in decadaes and the great majority of the people have direct access to free health care, free schools, a network of daycare, a subsidized food distribution network, and subsidized medicines. The misiones, integrated anti-poverty programs that have dramatically reduced poverty, have been internationally lauded. Only Cuba fares better.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But one of the biggest achievements of the Bolivarian Revolution is existential: a new sense of identity, a new sense of belonging, as one ordinary Venezuela said on national TV: "We are no longer invisible." The great majority of Venezuelans feel they are now in control of their own government and destiny - despite the continuous attacks from the oligarchy and its satellites. Now the Chavistas frame all the political discourse and its name is Socialism of the 21st Century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the first time since the fall of the Berlin Wall, a country in the world repudiates the barbaric version of capitalism that has prevailed since Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, and embraces a new socialism, one that has its roots in the indigenous people's socialism, in Liberation Theology which was born in Latin America, in Humanism, in the inspiration of Cuba, as well as the works of Marx, but not exclusively in European socialism. It is not Stalinism, it is not a copy of what has passed for socialism to date, but Venezuela's own brand infused with the idea that the people are the protagonists of democracy, that the economy should serve people not the other way around, and that only their active and direct participation in political decision making will free the country from corruption and inequality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Revolutionary government of Venezuela can also claim the resounding achievement of having brokered the beginning of solid, true, integration of the nations of our America.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It started with TELESUR, a TV channel fed by the state TV stations of the nations, so that we can learn from one another and enjoy our news, art, music, directly not through the mediation of CNN.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a historic moment, ALBA, destroyed the Free Trade of the Americas with which George W. Bush wanted to chain our economies. ALBA is its repudiation- an association of solidarity where economic projects are geared toward social justice and human development.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PETEROSUR is a consorsium of the state oil companies of South America to ensure that the oil and gas is used not just to fuel the growth of richer nations, but to help with the infrastructure needed at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PETROCARIBE is an initiative to provide much needed fuel to the smaller Caribbean nations with preferential financial arrangements and a fund for joint projects. It is also an assertion that Venezuela is a Caribbean nation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The BANCO DEL SUR represents the liberation of our America from the usury and hegemony of the IMF, World Bank and other international banks and organizations whose loans have imposed nefarious neo-liberal capitalist policies on governments.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And UNASUR, defense organization of South America is the jewel in the crown of integration. Its existence is the death of the USA's Monroe Doctrine as South America asserts that it alone assumes the defense of the region. It rejects the USA's "war against terrorism" , stating there is no terrorism in our America, but there is an ideologically defined civil war in Colombia. As well, UNASUR has an energy council to put in place safeguards for the supply of energy for the region to protect the natural environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a grave external risk that looms over Venezuela. The one super-power has not ceased to try to de-stabalize, isolate, balkanize, and even overthrow this democratically elected progressive government. The oil is a tremendous lure - like gold was in the past. The USA funnels millions of dollars to bogus NGO's, and the anti-democratic opposition which accepts payments from a foreign government that is hostile to their nation. And its ally, Uribe's Colombia is a double threat: not only because of its enormous armed forces, but also its paramilitary forces that constantly raid and invade Venezuela's borders. These Colombian paramilitary are also hired killers for the Venezuelan rich landowners opposed to Land Reform and up to now have murdered 160 rural leaders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is important to point out that:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      The Colombian Army (500,000) is twice the size of combined armies of Venezuela and Ecuador.&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Colombian military expenditures are 10 times those of Venezuela.&lt;br /&gt;    *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Colombia, after Israel and Egypt, receives the largest amount of US military aid in the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The USA has responded to the achievements of Venezuela and the election of 11 progressive, left wing government in our America, with increased militarization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Barak Obama, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, has installed seven USA military bases in Colombia, with a capacity to accommodate huge C 17 planes that can cross the sub continent without re-fuelling. These planes are useless against narco-traffic, the supposed reason for the bases, but they are a direct menace to Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia and to the whole region. Not a single one of the presidents of South America approved of these bases. Colombia is now a springboard for preemptive strikes, a prelude to a Middle East type of conflict in the region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is also indignation in the region that, after 50 years, the USA has re-activated the IV Naval fleet with the capacity to invade even the rivers of our America.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, the affairs of the USA in the region have largely been taken out of the State Dept and placed under the Southern Command. This means that the issues and social problems in Latin America and the Caribbean are now defined as security problems, as risks that merit a military response. One of these risks they refer to is "radical populism", meaning the leaders and movements that US politicians and corporations do not like: such as Chávez, Morales, Correa. In other words, the USA has militarized its interactions with the region. Ominous signs indeed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The international media conglomerates misrepresent and purposefully distort the events in Venezuela and the region, and it does not properly convey the sufferings of our Honduran people today. In Canada, it is noticeable that not one major media outlet has a permanent reporter in Latin America, hence Canadians mostly receive news and opinions filtered through the USA perspective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the calamities of yesteryear that befell our America are past, the old greed is present today in the exclusion, assaults by mining companies, multinational agri-businesses, large estate owners, drug traffickers and the ever present threats of the USA and its lackeys. Imperialism and resource devouring unbridled capitalism is not to be underestimated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But, in the name of the 100 million people who lost their lives and cultures in Latin America and the Caribbean, let us not talk about the "discovery' of America but its invasion. President Hugo Chávez has been the first president to rename Oct 12, calling it "The Day of Indigenous Resistance", and this year President Evo Morales has renamed Columbus Day, "The Day of Mourning". Let us not forget that we have forgotten what has happened in the history of Latin America and the Caribbean, so that ethnic, ideological or cultural genocide may never be repeated on this Earth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, there is a new dawn, a new cadre of leaders who follow the steps of Guaicaipuro, Tupac Amaru II, Tupac Catari, Simón Bolívar, José Martí, Bernardo O'Higgins. Today, Latin America is the most exciting, the most hope-filled area of our globe today. It has key leaders, not ashamed of their indigenous and African roots, who have made their people the true participants and protagonists of government. They are truly exercising their freedom to defend the land, to challenge the imperialism and unbridled global capitalism that is destroying our planet with ecocide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We will prevail. Venceremos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[1] Fernando Baez, El saqueo cultural de América Latina, Random House, 2008, 31&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[2] F. Baez, El saqueo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[3] Eduardo Galeano, The Open Veins of Latin America, Monthly Review Press, 1973&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[4] F. Baez, El saqueo, 37; Bartolome de Las Casas, Brevisima Relacion de la Destruccion de Las Indias, 1552, Ediciones Presidencia de la Republica, Caracas, 2003, 45-6&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[5] Memorias, La Revolucion Haitiana, Julio-Agosto, 2008, #4, 17&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[6] F. Baez, El saqueo, 39&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[7] Hugh Thomas, La conquista de Mexico, Barcelona, Planeta, 677&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[8] F. Baez, El saqueo, 25,26&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[9] F. Baez, El saqueo, 82&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[10] F. Baez, El saqueo, 75&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[11] Bartolome de Las Casas, Brevisima Relacion de la Destruccion de Las Indias, 1552, Ediciones Presidencia de la Republica, Caracas, 2003, 91&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[12] E. Galeano, Open Veins, 22-27&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[13] John Maynard Keynes, Essays in Persuasion, W.W. Norton, 1963, 361-362&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[14] F. Baez, El saqueo, 103&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[15] Memorias, Alborotos del Mulatismo, Julio-Agosto, 2008, #4, 28&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[16] Frank Bonilla, The Failure of the Elites&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[17] M. Páez Victor, Mr. Danger and the Socialism for the New Millennium, http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/4133 [1], 29 March 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Links:&lt;br /&gt;[1] http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/4133&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-7212149275057676255?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/7212149275057676255/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/02/from-conquistadores-dictators-and.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/7212149275057676255'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/7212149275057676255'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/02/from-conquistadores-dictators-and.html' title='From Conquistadores, Dictators and Multinationals to the Bolivarian Revolution'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-5014623434521279403</id><published>2010-01-12T15:01:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-01-12T15:03:03.917-08:00</updated><title type='text'>El trabajo precario desde un punto de vista feminista Silvia Federici</title><content type='html'>El trabajo precario desde un punto de vista feminista&lt;br /&gt;Silvia Federici&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Traducción para www.sinpermiso.info: María Julia Bertomeu&lt;br /&gt;Fuente: http://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/index.php?id=3007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El trabajo precario es un concepto central en las discusiones del movimiento sobre la reorganización capitalista del trabajo y las relaciones de clase en la economía global actual. Silvia Federici analiza los límites y el potencial del concepto, entendido como una herramienta analítica y organizativa. Sostiene que el trabajo reproductivo es un continente oculto del trabajo y de la lucha que el movimiento tiene que reconocer en su tarea política, si desea enfrentar las cuestiones centrales que nos salen al paso cuando ideamos una alternativa a la sociedad capitalista. ¿Cómo lidiar con el trabajo reproductivo sin destruirnos a nosotros o a nuestras comunidades? ¿Cómo crear un movimiento que se autorreproduzca? ¿Cómo superar las jerarquías raciales, generacionales y sexuales construidas en base al salario? La conferencia –dentro de una serie titulada: “This is Forever: From Inquiry to Refusal Discussion Series”— tuvo lugar el 28 de octubre de 2006 en la librería radical “Bluestockings” de New York (172 Allen Street)&lt;br /&gt;Esta noche voy a criticar la teoría del trabajo precario, tal como la vienen desarrollando  algunos marxistas autonomistas italianos, particularmente Antonio Negri, Paolo Virno y también Michael Hardt. Hablo de “teoría”, porque las ideas que Negri y otros vienen articulando hace tiempo van más allá de una mera descripción de los cambios en la organización del trabajo que se han sucedido en los 80 y los 90 de la mano de un proceso de globalización que ha traído consigo la  “precarización del trabajo”, unas relaciones laborales crecientemente discontinuas, la introducción del “tiempo flexible” y una paulatina fragmentación de la experiencia laboral. La opinión de estos autores sobre el trabajo precario está de todo punto marcada por una determinada perspectiva de conjunto sobre la naturaleza del capitalismo y de los conflictos de nuestros días. Y hay que apresurarse a decir que no se trata aquí de simples ideas que pueblan las cabezas de un puñado de intelectuales, sino de teorías que circulan cumplidamente desde hace unos cuantos años dentro del movimiento italiano, y que recientemente también tienen influencia en los EEUU. Son, así pues, teorías que en nuestra opinión han llegado a cobrar relevancia.&lt;br /&gt;Historia y origen del trabajo precario y de la teoría del trabajo inmaterial&lt;br /&gt;Mi premisa inicial es la siguiente: es indudable que el problema del trabajo precario debe estar en nuestra agenda. Y no se trata simplemente de que nuestras relaciones con el trabajo asalariado sean ahora más discontinuas, sino también de que la discusión sobre el trabajo precario es crucial para entender cómo podemos superar al capitalismo. Las teorías que discuto captan aspectos importantes de los cambios que tuvieron lugar en la organización del trabajo, es cierto; pero también nos retrotraen a una concepción machista del trabajo y de la lucha social. Discutiré ahora los aspectos que para mi crítica de esta teoría resultan más pertinentes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un supuesto importante de la teoría autonomista italiana sobre el trabajo precario es que la precarización laboral –desde fines de los setenta al presente— fue la respuesta capitalista a las luchas de clase de los sesenta, una lucha centrada en el rechazo del trabajo, tal y como se expresaba en la consigna: “más dinero y menos trabajo”. Fue una réplica a un ciclo de luchas que ponían en jaque al control capitalista del trabajo, un rechazo de la disciplina capitalista laboral por parte de los trabajadores, el repudio de una vida organizada en función de las necesidades de la producción capitalista, de una vida consumida en la fábrica o la oficina.&lt;br /&gt;Otro tema importante es que la precarización de las relaciones laborales hunde sus raíces en una permutación del trabajo industrial por un trabajo que Negri y Virno denominan “inmaterial”. Negri y otros cuantos argumentan que la reestructuración de la producción que tuvo lugar entre los ochenta y los noventa, entendida como respuesta a las luchas de los sesenta,  produjo un proceso en el que el trabajo industrial fue reemplazado por un tipo diferente de trabajo, tal y como anteriormente el trabajo industrial había reemplazado al trabajo en la agricultura. Y denominan a este nuevo tipo de trabajo “labor inmaterial”, pues argumentan que la computación y la revolución de la información han producido cambios en las formas de trabajo. En el mundo capitalista de hoy, la tendencia principal se orientaría a una forma dominante de trabajo que no produciría objetos físicos, sino información, ideas, estados de cosas, relaciones.&lt;br /&gt;En otras palabras: el trabajo industrial –hegemónico en las fases previas del capitalismo— ya no es tan importante, ya no es el motor del desarrollo capitalista. En su lugar encontramos “trabajo inmaterial”, trabajo cultural, cognitivo y trabajo “info”.&lt;br /&gt;Los autonomistas italianos creen que la precarización del trabajo y la aparición del trabajo inmaterial han hecho realidad la predicción de Marx en los Grundrisse, en esa famosa sección sobre las máquinas en la que Marx afirma que con el desarrollo del capitalismo, el proceso de producción capitalista depende cada día menos del trabajo vivo y cada día más de la integración de la ciencia, el conocimiento y la tecnología, que se convierten en el motor de la acumulación. Virno y Negri creen que el desplazamiento hacia el trabajo precario hace realidad esa predicción sobre la tendencia histórica del capitalismo. Así, la creciente importancia del trabajo cognitivo y el desarrollo del trabajo computacional en nuestros tiempos se considera como parte de una tendencia histórica del capitalismo hacia la reducción del trabajo.&lt;br /&gt;La precarización del trabajo sería consecuencia de las nuevas formas de producción. Es probable que el viraje hacia el trabajo inmaterial genere precarización de las relaciones laborales, porque la estructura del trabajo intelectual es diferente del trabajo industrial, del trabajo físico. El trabajo intelectual y de la información descansa menos en la presencia física continua del trabajador en el tradicional lugar de trabajo. El ritmo del trabajo es mucho más intermitente, fluido y discontinuo.&lt;br /&gt;En síntesis, el desarrollo del trabajo precario y el desvío hacia el trabajo intelectual no aparecen –a los ojos de Negri y otros autonomistas marxistas— como un fenómeno completamente negativo. Al contrario, lo ven como expresión de una tendencia hacia la reducción del trabajo y, por eso mismo, de la explotación: como el resultado de un desarrollo capitalista que responde al conflicto de clase.&lt;br /&gt;Esto significaría, hoy, que el desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas nos permitiría vislumbrar un mundo capaz de trascender el trabajo; un mundo en el cual nos liberaríamos de la necesidad de trabajar, una vía que conduce al reino de la libertad.&lt;br /&gt;Los marxistas autonomistas creen que este desarrollo también está creando una nueva forma de “common” o bienes comunes, pues les parece de todo punto posible que el trabajo inmaterial represente un salto hacia adelante en la socialización y homogeneización del trabajo. La idea es que se habrían borrado las otrora decisivas diferencias entre distintas formas de trabajo (trabajo productivo/reproductivo, trabajo en la industria/agricultura, trabajo de cuidado), porque todas  ellas (como tendencia) resultarían asimiladas en la medida en que comienzan a incorporar trabajo cognitivo. Y más aún, todas las actividades que de manera creciente se incorporan al desarrollo capitalista contribuyen al proceso de acumulación, y la sociedad se convierte en una inmensa fábrica. Es así que, por ejemplo, se esfuma la distinción entre trabajo productivo e improductivo.&lt;br /&gt;Y esto significa que el capitalismo no sólo nos conduciría más allá del trabajo, sino que estaría sentando las bases mismas para convertir nuestra experiencia de trabajo en algo “común” ahí donde las divisiones comienzan a desmoronarse.&lt;br /&gt;Es relativamente simple averiguar por qué esas teorías se han hecho populares. Contienen elementos utópicos especialmente atractivos para los trabajadores cognitivos, el “cognitariado” como lo denominan Negri y otros activistas italianos. Con la nueva teoría aparece un nuevo vocabulario. “Cognitariado”, en vez de proletariado. En vez de clase obrera, “multitud”, probablemente porque el concepto de multitud expresa la unidad creada por la nueva socialización del trabajo, la comunalización del proceso de trabajo, la idea de que dentro del proceso de trabajo los trabajadores son cada día más homogéneos, pues todas las formas de trabajo incorporan trabajo cognitivo, computacional, comunicacional y así sucesivamente.&lt;br /&gt;Como he dicho, esta teoría alcanzó un alto grado de popularidad  porque hay una generación de activistas jóvenes -con varios años de formación y postgrados- que ahora están empleados en trabajos precarios en las distintas ramas de la industria cultural o en la industria de producción de conocimiento. Y entre ellos esas teorías son muy populares, porque les sugieren que a pesar de la miseria y explotación que experimentan, sin embargo nos movemos hacia un nivel más alto de producción y de relaciones sociales. Es una generación de trabajadores que considera el horario laboral de “nueve a cinco” como una regla carcelaria. Para ellos la precariedad les otorga nuevas posibilidades que sus padres no tuvieron pero soñaron. El varón joven de hoy, por ejemplo, no es tan disciplinado como lo fueron sus padres; y estos padres  todavía eran capaces de esperar que su esposa o compañera fuera económicamente dependiente de él. Ahora ellos cuentan con relaciones sociales que suponen menor dependencia financiera. La mayoría de las mujeres tienen acceso autónomo a un ingreso y con frecuencia se niegan a tener niños.&lt;br /&gt;Esta teoría apela a una nueva generación de activistas que, a pesar de las dificultades inherentes al trabajo precario, fantasean en este tipo de actividad algunas posibilidades. Y estos teóricos proponen empezar por ahí, sin interesarse por la lucha por el pleno empleo. Pero también hay una diferencia entre Europa y EEUU. Por ejemplo, en Italia, dentro de ese movimiento, hay una demanda por un ingreso garantizado. Lo llaman “seguridad de la flexibilidad”. Lo que dicen es lo siguiente: no tenemos un empleo, somos precarios porque el capitalismo necesita que lo seamos, entonces deben pagar por ello. Hubo movilizaciones que duraron varios días, especialmente el 1 de mayo, y la consigna central era el ingreso garantizado. El 1 de mayo de este año, en Milán, gente del movimiento paseó a “San Precario”, el santo patrono de los trabajadores precarios. Este ícono irónico aparece en concentraciones y demostraciones centradas en la cuestión del trabajo precario.&lt;br /&gt;Crítica del trabajo precario y de su apología indirecta&lt;br /&gt;A partir de aquí hare una crítica de esas teorías, una crítica desde el punto de vista feminista. No es que al exponer mi crítica quiera minimizar la importancia de las teorías que habré de discutir. Estas teorías se han nutrido de muchas organizaciones y luchas políticas relacionadas con los cambios en la organización del trabajo que afectaron nuestras vidas. Recientemente, en Italia, el trabajo precario ha sido uno de los principales lemas de las movilizaciones, junto con la lucha por los derechos de los inmigrantes.&lt;br /&gt;No quiero minimizar el valor del trabajo que se realiza en relación con los temas de la precariedad. Es evidente que en la última década asistimos a un nuevo tipo de lucha. Un nuevo tipo de organización escindida de los confines del puesto de trabajo tradicional. Ahí donde el puesto de trabajo era la fábrica o la oficina, ahora vemos un nuevo tipo de luchas que salen de la fábrica hacia el “territorio”, conectando distintos lugares de trabajo y construyendo movimientos y organizaciones arraigadas a un territorio. Las teorías del trabajo precario intentan dar cuenta de las novedades en la organización del trabajo y de la lucha, y también pretenden entender las formas emergentes de organización.&lt;br /&gt;Y esto es muy importante. Al mismo tiempo, pienso que aquello que denomino teoría del trabajo precario tiene defectos serios, que ya he señalado en mi presentación. En lo que sigue resumiré las críticas y luego discutiré las posibles alternativas.&lt;br /&gt;Mi primera crítica es que esta teoría se construye sostenida en una concepción completamente equivocada sobre el modo en que opera el capitalismo. Ven al desarrollo capitalista moviéndose hacia formas más altas de producción y de trabajo. En Multitud, Negri y Hardt llegan a decir que el trabajo se está haciendo más “inteligente”. El supuesto es que la organización capitalista del trabajo y el desarrollo capitalista estarían creando ya las condiciones para superar la explotación. Sería incluso posible que el cascarón protector de esta sociedad llegara a colapsar, lo que traería consigo la liberación de las potencialidades urdidas y crecidas en su seno. Se fantasea con que un proceso así está ya en marcha en la actual organización de la producción. Mi punto de vista es que todo eso no es sino un penoso  malentendido sobre los efectos de la reestructuración inducida por la globalización capitalista y el giro neoliberal.&lt;br /&gt;Lo que Negri y Hardt no advierten es que el tremendo costo del salto tecnológico necesario para la computarización y la integración de la información en el proceso de trabajo se pagó a expensas de un gigantesco crecimiento de la explotación en el otro extremo del proceso. Hay un hilo de continuidad entre el trabajador de la computación y el trabajador del Congo que extrae el coltán con sus propias manos para sobrevivir, antes de ser expropiados y pauperizados por las repetidas rondas de ajustes estructurales o de los constantes robos de tierras y recursos naturales comunitarios. &lt;br /&gt;El principio fundamental es que el desarrollo capitalista es, siempre y al mismo tiempo, un proceso de subdesarrollo. María Mies lo describe elocuentemente en sus trabajos: “Lo que en una parte del capitalismo se presenta como desarrollo, en otra lo hace como subdesarrollo.”&lt;br /&gt;Estas teorías ignoran por completo ese vínculo crucial, porque están de todo punto penetradas por la ilusión de que el proceso del trabajo nos está uniendo. Cuando Negri y Hardt hablan de que el trabajo se está “volviendo común” y usan el concepto de “multitud” para referirse a esa nueva forma de “común” supuestamente construido por el desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas son ciegos ante lo que ocurre con el proletariado mundial.&lt;br /&gt;Ciegos porque no ven la destrucción de vidas y de medio ambiente que produce el capitalismo. No ven que la reestructuración de la producción tiene como objetivo reformar y profundizar las divisiones dentro de la clase trabajadora, en lugar de borrarlas. La idea de que el desarrollo del microchip está creando nuevos bienes comunes y nuevos comunarios o puede ser más desacertada; el comunalismo sólo puede ser el producto de una lucha, nunca de la producción capitalista.&lt;br /&gt;Una de mis críticas a Negri y Hardt es que parecen creer que la organización capitalista del trabajo es la expresión de una racionalidad más elevada, y que el desarrollo capitalista es necesario para crear las condiciones materiales para el comunismo. Esta creencia es central en su teoría del trabajo precario. Podemos discutir si esta creencia representa o no el pensamiento de Marx. Es cierto que el Manifiesto habla del capitalismo en estos términos; también algunas secciones de los Grundrisse. Pero no es claro que esto sea un tema dominante en el trabajo de Marx, y desde luego no en El Capital.&lt;br /&gt;Trabajo precario y trabajo reproductivo&lt;br /&gt;Otra de mis objeciones a la teoría del trabajo precario es que se presenta como neutral ante el tema del género. Asume, sin más, que la reorganización de la producción está eliminando las relaciones de dominación y las jerarquías que existen dentro de la clase trabajadora en función de la raza, sexo y edad y, por tanto, no se ocupa de tratar esas relaciones de poder y carece de las herramientas teóricas y políticas para pensar cómo abordarlas. Negri, Virno y Hardt no discuten cómo ha sido y continúa siendo usado el salario para organizar dichas divisiones y cómo, por  tanto, debemos enfocar las luchas por el salario para que no se conviertan en un instrumento para futuras divisiones, sino que, por el contrario, nos ayuden a socavarlas. Es éste, en mi opinión, uno de los temas principales que debemos abordar en el movimiento.&lt;br /&gt;El concepto de “multitud” sugiere que todas las divisiones dentro de la clase trabajadora se han borrado o que ya no son políticamente relevantes. Obviamente se trata de una ilusión. Algunas feministas señalan que el trabajo precario no es un fenómeno nuevo. Las mujeres siempre tuvieron una relación precaria con el trabajo asalariado. Pero la crítica va mucho más lejos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Me preocupa que la teoría negriana del trabajo precario ignore y pase por alto una de las contribuciones más decisivas de la teoría y de la lucha feministas: la redefinición del trabajo y el reconocimiento de que el trabajo reproductivo impagado femenino es un recurso fundamental de la acumulación capitalista. Al redefinir el trabajo doméstico como trabajo, y no como un servicio personal; al definirlo como un trabajo que produce y reproduce la fuerza de trabajo, las feministas descubrieron un nuevo y profundo modo de explotación que Marx y la teoría marxista pasaron prácticamente por alto. Todas las intuiciones políticamente importantes contenidas en este tipo de análisis se esfuman ahora, al no otorgárseles la menor importancia en la comprensión de la actual organización de la producción.&lt;br /&gt;Hay un eco imperceptible de los análisis feministas en la teoría, una especie de apoyo de boquilla, cuando se incluye a la “labor afectiva” dentro de las actividades laborales calificadas como “labor inmaterial”. Sin embargo, lo más que llegan a reconocer es el caso del trabajo de las azafatas o de los servicios de comida en las empresas: las llamadas trabajadoras a las que llaman “afectivas”, porque se supone que deben sonreír a sus clientes.&lt;br /&gt;Pero, ¿qué es la labor afectiva? ¿Y por qué incluirla en la categoría de trabajo inmaterial? Imagino que la incluyen –vaya usted a saber— porque no produce productos tangibles, sino “estados afectivos”, esto es, sentimientos. Y nuevamente, para decirlo sin tapujos, pienso que eso es tirarle un huesito al feminismo, que es ahora una perspectiva que goza de cierto apoyo social y ya no puede ser ignorada.&lt;br /&gt;Pero el concepto de “labor afectiva” evapora todo el poder desmitificador del análisis feminista del trabajo doméstico. De hecho, vuelve a introducir al trabajo doméstico en el ámbito de la mistificación al sugerir que la labor reproductiva sólo tiene que ver con la producción de “emociones”, “sentimientos”. Solía llamárselo el “trabajo del amor”, y ahora Negri y Hardt, en cambio, han descubierto que se trata de “afecto”.&lt;br /&gt;El análisis feminista de la función de la división sexual del trabajo, de la función de las jerarquías de género, el análisis del modo en que el capitalismo ha usado el salario para movilizar el trabajo femenino de reproducción de la fuerza de trabajo, todo ello se evapora bajo la etiqueta de “trabajo afectivo”.&lt;br /&gt;Que Negri y Hardt ignoren totalmente este análisis feminista, confirma mis sospechas de partida: esta teoría expresa los intereses de un grupo selecto de trabajadores, juntos y revueltos en la gran olla de la "multitud". En realidad, la teoría del trabajo precario e inmaterial se ocupa de la situación y de los intereses de los trabajadores del nivel más alto de la tecnología capitalista. Su desinterés por el trabajo reproductivo y su presunción de que todo trabajo es común, esconde el hecho de que se ocupan de los sectores más privilegiados de la clase trabajadora. Y esto significa que no es una teoría que podamos usar para construir un movimiento que se autorreproduzca de manera verdadera.&lt;br /&gt;Para esta tarea, aún es hoy crucial la lección del movimiento feminista. En los setenta el feminismo intentó entender las raíces de la opresión y explotación de las mujeres y las jerarquías de género. Las feministas describen tales fenómenos como producto de una desigual división del trabajo, que fuerza a las mujeres a trabajar para la reproducción de la clase trabajadora. Esta idea fue decisiva para una crítica social radical, y sus consecuencias aún precisan ser entendidas y desarrolladas en todo su potencial.&lt;br /&gt;Cuando nosotras decimos que el trabajo doméstico es verdaderamente trabajo para el capital; que si bien es trabajo impagado aún contribuye a la acumulación del capital, estamos diciendo algo importantísimo sobre la naturaleza del capitalismo como sistema de producción. Afirmamos que el capitalismo se construye sobre una inmensa suma de trabajo impagado, y que no se erige exclusiva o primariamente fundado en relaciones contractuales; también decimos que la relación salarial oculta al trabajo impago, esclavo, tal y como es la naturaleza de gran parte del trabajo que hace posible la acumulación de capital.&lt;br /&gt;Además, cuando decimos que el trabajo doméstico no sólo reproduce la “vida”, sino también la “fuerza de trabajo”, comenzamos por separar dos esferas distintas de nuestra vida y trabajo que aparentemente están indisolublemente conectadas. Comenzamos a ser capaces de concebir una lucha en contra del trabajo doméstico entendida ahora como la reproducción de la fuerza de trabajo, que es la reproducción del bien más importante que posee el capital: “ la capacidad de trabajo”, la posibilidad de que los trabajadores resulten explotados. Con otras palabras, reconocer que aquello que denominamos el “trabajo reproductivo” es un ámbito de acumulación y, por tanto, también de explotación, nos permite también ver a la reproducción como un lugar de lucha y, lo que es más importante, concebirla como una lucha anticapitalista en contra del trabajo reproductivo, que no nos destruirá ni a nosotros ni a nuestras comunidades.&lt;br /&gt;¿Cómo luchamos en contra del trabajo reproductivo? No es lo mismo que luchar en el puesto de trabajo en la fábrica –por ejemplo, la lucha en contra de la velocidad en la línea de montaje—, porque del otro lado de la lucha hay personas y no cosas. Una vez que hemos dicho que el trabajo reproductivo es un ámbito de lucha, de inmediato debemos preguntarnos cómo luchar en ese terreno sin destruir a las personas que están a nuestro cargo. Ese es el problema que conocen muy bien  las madres, maestras y enfermeras.&lt;br /&gt;Por  eso es tan importante poder trazar una separación entre la creación de seres humanos y la reproducción de los mismos entendidos como fuerza de trabajo, como futuros trabajadores que, por eso mismo, necesitan ser entrenados y no necesariamente en función de sus necesidades y deseos, sino que deben ser disciplinados y sometidos a reglas de un tipo particular.&lt;br /&gt;Por ejemplo, fue importante para las feministas advertir que parte del trabajo doméstico y de crianza de los niños es trabajo policial para con ellos, para que se adapten a una disciplina laboral particular. Comenzamos a ver, entonces, que rechazar determinados ámbitos laborales no sólo nos puede liberar a nosotras sino también a nuestros hijos. Pudimos advertir que la lucha no se realiza a expensas de aquellos a quienes cuidamos, aunque pasemos por alto preparar la comida y limpiar los pisos. De hecho nuestra negativa abre un camino para su propia lucha y para el proceso de su liberación.&lt;br /&gt;Una vez visto que en lugar de reproducir la vida estamos expandiendo la acumulación capitalista y que comenzamos a definir el trabajo reproductivo como un trabajo para el capital, también abrimos la posibilidad de un proceso de recomposición de las relaciones entre las mujeres.&lt;br /&gt;Por ejemplo, pensemos en el movimiento de las prostitutas a quienes ahora llamamos movimiento de las “trabajadoras del sexo”. Los orígenes de este movimiento en Europa se remontan a 1975, cuando un grupo de trabajadoras del sexo en Paris ocupó una iglesia como forma de protesta en contra de una nueva regulación por zonas, que ellas vieron como un ataque a su seguridad. Hubo una clara relación entre lucha -que luego se propagó por toda Europa y en EEUU- y el movimiento feminista que estaba volviendo a pensar y cuestionar el trabajo doméstico. La posibilidad de decir que la sexualidad era un trabajo para las mujeres condujo a una nueva manera de pensar las relaciones sexuales, incluidas las relaciones gay. Debido a los  movimientos feministas y gay, comenzamos a pensar en las formas en que el capitalismo ha explotado nuestra sexualidad para hacerla “productiva.”&lt;br /&gt;Para concluir, fue un avance importante que las mujeres hayan podido comenzar a entender el trabajo impago y la producción que se realiza dentro y fuera del hogar como la reproducción de la fuerza de trabajo. Esto permitió repensar cada aspecto de la vida cotidiana –crianza de niños, relación entre hombres y mujeres, relaciones homosexuales y la sexualidad en general—, todo ello en función de la explotación y la acumulación capitalista.&lt;br /&gt;Para crear un movimiento que se autorreproduzca&lt;br /&gt;En la medida en que fuimos capaces de pensar que cualquier aspecto de la vida cotidiana es potencialmente liberador o explotador, también pudimos percatarnos de las distintas maneras en que se enlazan las mujeres y las luchas de las mujeres. Descubrimos la posibilidad de “alianzas” que no habíamos imaginado y la posibilidad de superar las divisiones que se habían creado entre las mujeres, también sobre la base de la edad, raza, y preferencia sexual.&lt;br /&gt;No podemos construir un movimiento sostenible sin entender esas relaciones de poder. También necesitamos aprender varias cosas de los análisis feministas del trabajo reproductivo, porque ningún movimiento puede sobrevivir a menos que se interese por la reproducción de sus miembros. Esta es una de las debilidades del movimiento por la justicia social de EEUU.&lt;br /&gt;Asistimos a las manifestaciones, organizamos actos, y esto es lo máximo que hacemos en nuestra lucha. Pero el análisis sobre cómo es posible reproducir el movimiento y reproducirnos a nosotros mismos no está en el centro de la organización del propio movimiento. Es preciso que volvamos a la tradición histórica de la clase trabajadora y organicemos una “ayuda mutua”, y que volvamos a pensar tal experiencia, no necesariamente para resucitarla, sino para nutrirnos de ella en el presente.&lt;br /&gt;Es preciso construir un movimiento que en su agenda incluya las condiciones para su propia reproducción. Es necesario que la lucha anticapitalista invente distintas alternativas y sea capaz de construir sus propias vías de reproducción de manera colectiva.&lt;br /&gt;Debemos asegurarnos de que no sólo confrontamos al capital en el momento de las manifestaciones, sino que lo hacemos colectivamente y en todo momento de nuestras vidas. Lo que ocurre internacionalmente es prueba de que sólo cuando contamos con formas colectivas de reproducción, de que sólo cuando tenemos comunidades que se reproducen a sí mismas de manera colectiva, pueden entonces nuestras luchas moverse y orientarse en un sentido radicalmente pugnaz frente al orden establecido: ahí están, por señalado ejemplo, las luchas de los pueblos indígenas contra la privatización del agua o contra las compañías de petróleo que destruyen las tierras de los indígenas en Ecuador.&lt;br /&gt;Deseo cerrar esta disertación diciendo lo siguiente: si prestamos atención a los ejemplos de luchas en Oaxaca, Bolivia y Ecuador, veremos que las confrontaciones más radicales no son las que inician los trabajadores “cognitivos”, o las que surgen en virtud de los “bienes comunes” de Internet. La fortaleza del pueblo de Oaxaca, por ejemplo, reside en la profunda solidaridad que une a quienes luchan, una solidaridad que hizo posible el apoyo de otros pueblos indígenas de todo el territorio del Estado mexicano: los llamaron “maestros”, y los vieron como miembros de su propia comunidad. Lo mismo en Bolivia: el pueblo que impidió la privatización del agua tiene una larga tradición de lucha comunal. Este tipo de luchas es lo que debemos incluir en la agenda, construir este modo de solidaridad y entender de qué manera podemos superar lo que nos divide. Y para concluir, el principal problema de la teoría del trabajo precario es que no nos da la menor herramienta para superar  el modo en que hemos sido divididos. Y lo cierto es esas divisiones, continuamente recreadas y reproducidas, son nuestra principal debilidad en relación con la capacidad para resistir la explotación y crear una sociedad equitativa.&lt;br /&gt;Silvia Federici es una investigadora y activista de origen italiano.Historiadora marxista y feminista, autora del aclamado libro Caliban and the Witch: Women, The Body And Primitive Accumulation (Nueva York, Autonomedia, 2004), ha enseñado en varias universidades norteamericanas, así como en la Universidad de Port Harcourt en Nigeria. Es profesora emérita de la Hofstra University (Long Island, Nueva York).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Traducción para www.sinpermiso.info: María Julia Bertomeu&lt;br /&gt;Fuente: http://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/index.php?id=3007&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-5014623434521279403?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/5014623434521279403/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/01/el-trabajo-precario-desde-un-punto-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/5014623434521279403'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/5014623434521279403'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2010/01/el-trabajo-precario-desde-un-punto-de.html' title='El trabajo precario desde un punto de vista feminista Silvia Federici'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-1852154912137983665</id><published>2009-12-10T15:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-10T15:29:26.897-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='MARIA PAEZ DE VICTOR'/><title type='text'>LA VISTA DESDE AFUERA María E. Páez de Victor</title><content type='html'>LA VISTA DESDE AFUERA&lt;br /&gt;María E. Páez de Victor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diciembre, 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Artículo para  A PLENA VOZ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los que luchamos por la Revolución Bolivariana desde las entrañas del capitalismo, rodeados como estamos de patrañas de los escuálidos “exiliados”, de los ojos de los organismos de inteligencia de Canadá y de los espías de la CIA, tenemos obviamente una visión diferente a la que muchos dentro de Venezuela tienen. De esto me percaté al acercarme a un evento en el Centro Internacional Miranda ahora en diciembre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ante todo, me pregunto cómo es que  personas que se dicen revolucionarias, o mas bien, socialistas,  se autodenominen “intelectuales”? Esto es un término tan elitesco, tan burgués que ni siquiera en los países capitalistas hemos oído  verdaderos académicos y personas letradas referirse a sí mismos con ese término. Pero aquí, en el centro de lo que es un movimiento revolucionario de largo alcance para la región, conocidos personajes (y otros no tan conocidos excepto quizás en sus propias patrias), sin pudor alguno, usan la palabra. Y en la misma oración, se presentan como los verdaderos árbitros de lo que es y debe ser el socialismo, y NUESTRO socialismo. Obviamente vienen a este país muchos aventureros ideológicos,  que osan tratar de “enseñarnos” – triste vestigio del colonialismo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lo más impactante fué ver que en discurso tras discurso brillaba por su ausencia el nombre del Presidente Chávez.  Ese hombre que inició todos los cambios en nuestro país, que ha despertado un inusitado interés en nuestra patria (tanto en la derecha como en la izquierda mundial), y aquí, en este centro, financiado por el gobierno,  supuestamente para discutir y ahodar en el socialismo bolivariano, vi como estos asalariados pensadores no emitían una sola palabra sobre el Presidente ni los logros de los últimos diez años.  Lo que es más grave aún, ni mencionaron  los  peligros reales que se ciernen sobre Venezuela: el ejército y los paramilitares colombianos, las bases gringas en Colombia, la campaña internacional contra el país que se ha vuelto más recia en el exterior,  los millones que provienen de EEUU  a la oposición venezolana y el último atentado para desestabilizar la banca y la economía en el país. Insólita ceguera ante los asuntos de sobrevivencia  no solamente de la revolución bolivariana, sino del país mismo como ente soberano. Solamente faltó que hablaran de cuantos angelitos pueden bailar en la punta de un alfiler!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estos “intelectuales” hablaban de la necesidad de crítica. Pero en Venezuela todo es crítica. No se lee un periódico o ve una televisión sin que a viva voce se escuchen críticas al gobierno. Lo que sobra es crítica. Quien dude que ésto es una democracia solamente tiene que sentarse una hora con los periódicos del día para dares cuenta de ello. Lo realmente ingenuo es oirles decir a estos “eruditos” que “hay que crear espacios para hablar con aquellos que no piensan como uno”. Me pregunto si han ido a hablar con los dirigentes de la oposición , o si han estado en casa de algunos “escualidos” a entablar un cortés diálgo con ellos? Quisiera estar allí a oir una intercambio entre Marta Harnecker y Teodoro Petkoff mientran se toman un cafecito. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lo que hace falta es unión, es solidaridad , es lealtad, es  coraje y paciencia para una labor a largo plazo. Que si el PSUV no ha nacido como Atenas, en su plenitud de la cabeza de Zeus, quizás tenga que ver con el hecho de que apenas fue constitutído hace un año mientras partidos, como el Comunista, tienen como 50 años de existencia. Por que este deseo de echar abajo lo que apenas se está comenzado a construir? Cómo es posible que se piense que en apenas diez años se pueda desarrollar toda una agricultura eficiente y efectiva, o una infraestructura industrial cuando éste ha sido un país rentista, importador, arrodillado ante el capital extranjero por tanto tiempo?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por último, me pregunto cómo es que estos personajes no hubieran podidio juntar todas sus observaciones y críticas (seguramente muchas acertadas y válidas)  y entregarles ese análisis a aquellos que gobiernan?  Ellos no son unos cualquieras; sé que unos han sino (o quizás siguen siendo) consejeros presidenciales, lo cual significa que le dieron una bofetada a aquel a quien antes servían.  Cómo es que si en verdad lo que quieren es efectuar un cambio, no fueron directamente al Presidente o a los directores del PSUV con sus “luces”? Prefirieron lavar sus trapos en público. Lo cual me hace sospechar, como mínimo, de la convición revolucionaria que dicen tener.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No aprendemos de la las fuerzas de la derecha. Los “think tanks” son organizaciones de estudio y analisis de políticas públicas. Me equivoque en pensar que el CIM era uno.  Los “think tanks” de derecha jamás se cuestionan o contradicen públicamente unos a los otros ni jamás ponen en duda la labor de los gobiernos y partidos de derecha. Eso si, sus observaciones, críticas y sugerencias son entregadas como análisis directamente  a sus partidos y  gobiernos. Sin alharaca pública. Porque saben que lo más importante es  mantener el poder, y para ello es indispensable  trabajar juntos. Son una muralla sólida de resistencia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Espero que el gobierno bolivariano y el PSUV se cuide de estos seudo intellectuales y formen un verdadero “think tank” revolucionario, bolivariano y venezolano.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-1852154912137983665?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/1852154912137983665/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/12/la-vista-desde-afuera-maria-e-paez-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/1852154912137983665'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/1852154912137983665'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/12/la-vista-desde-afuera-maria-e-paez-de.html' title='LA VISTA DESDE AFUERA María E. Páez de Victor'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-4693867082735788943</id><published>2009-11-04T10:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-04T10:37:23.636-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CANADA  and Foreign Relations  How many times must they spit at us before we fight back?</title><content type='html'>This week a network of solidarity groups had been making arrangements for presentations by a compañera, a human rights activist,    from Colombia and who would be speaking about the miscarriage of justice towards and deplorable conditions of political prisoners in the jails Colombia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;True to form the  Harper a la MacArthur stepped right in and denied this woman a visitor’s visa.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are aware that she is not the only  person who has been denied a visitor’s visa, other Colombians and  many brothers and sisters  from the Palestinian struggle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We have to start keeping an account – a historical record -  to confront this government head on – this is an abuse of power and a denial of freedom of speech.&lt;br /&gt;Does this not make Canadians born in Canada angry?  Or is it just us born in different lands who come to find out that our ties with our countries are sabotaged and  latently severed by the overt actions of a neo conservative government.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Its time to do something about this -  it is not acceptable and should not be just taken with a sigh.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;nchamah  miller &lt;br /&gt;National Council for Latin American and Caribbean Women of Canada – LATIN@S.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-4693867082735788943?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/4693867082735788943/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/11/canada-and-foreign-relations-how-many.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/4693867082735788943'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/4693867082735788943'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/11/canada-and-foreign-relations-how-many.html' title='CANADA  and Foreign Relations  How many times must they spit at us before we fight back?'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-7505268409955295935</id><published>2009-11-03T11:05:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-03T11:11:33.814-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PRIMER ANIVERSARIO DE LATINAS - PELICULA'/><title type='text'>PELIICULA MUJERES REVOLUCIONARIAS - producida por nchamah miller y MEPLA</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: lucida grande;"&gt;Presentaremos la película - &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Mujeres Revolucionarias en movimientos sociales - producida por &lt;span style="font-family: verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;nchamah miller y MEPLA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - &lt;span style="font-family: lucida grande;"&gt;el 7 de noviembre en el University Womens Club de Toronto -  favor avisar si desean asistir esribiendo a latinas.canada@yahoo.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-7505268409955295935?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/7505268409955295935/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/11/peliicula-mujeres-revolucionarias.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/7505268409955295935'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/7505268409955295935'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/11/peliicula-mujeres-revolucionarias.html' title='PELIICULA MUJERES REVOLUCIONARIAS - producida por nchamah miller y MEPLA'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-922552730091646457</id><published>2009-07-28T09:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-28T09:28:27.588-07:00</updated><title type='text'>NUESTRO RAZON DE SER - OUR RAISON D'ETRE</title><content type='html'>CONSEJO NACIONAL DE MUJERES LATINO- AMERICANAS DE CANADA (Latin@s )&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NAT IONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN WOMEN OF CANADA (Latin@s)&lt;br /&gt;December 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(English version follows the Spanish version)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Razón de Ser&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Según la Oficina de Estadísticas de Canadá hay unas 750,000 personas de origen hispano  en el país, que representan el 1.8% de la población y que constituyen una de las comunidades étnicas mas grandes en Canadá. Cerca de 300,000 viven dentro y en los alrededores de Toronto, 105,000 viven en la ciudad de Toronto mismo, 100,000 viven en Montreal y cerca de 50,000 en Vancouver.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uno bien puede llegar a la conclusión de que la mitad de estas cifras se refieren a  mujeres. Las mujeres latinas  especialmente están poco representadas en el sector privado, en las profesiones y en el sector público, incluyendo las legislaturas, todos los niveles de gobierno y los partidos políticos.&lt;br /&gt;Ellas llevan el doble cargo de género y identificación étnica. Sus voces rara vez han sino oídas, o solamente indirectamente, en el proceso de toma de decisiones políticas, sociales y económicas en Canadá.&lt;br /&gt;QUIENES SOMOS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latin@s  es la organización base de las mujeres latinoamericanas y del Caribe en Canadá, cuya misión es la de fomentar la toma de decisiones políticas, sociales y económicas  tomando en cuenta el bienestar de nuestras familias y la comunidad amplia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latin@s  incluye madres, abuelas, hermanas, hijas, trabajadoras, estudiantes, maestras, enfermeras, artistas, sindicalistas, en fin, mujeres latinas en todos los aspectos de la vida  canadiense. Deseamos promover la plena participación de mujeres latinas y caribeñas en la vida política, económica, y social de Canadá.  Se permite que hombres se unan a Latin@as por invitación.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Definimos la mujer latina como aquella que nació, o sus padres o hijos nacieron en Latinoamérica o el Caribe; también se incluye las mujeres de los pueblos originales del continente Americano, en fin, mujeres  de todas la raíces étnicas y raciales que forman nuestra variada y rica herencia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latin@s   es la voz unida de las mujeres latinas y caribeñas y deseamos cooperar con demás organizaciones de mujeres para mejorar nuestras vidas,  la de nuestras familias y comunidades. Aparte de nuestras labores de investigación y proyectos de servicios, somos una organización auto-suficiente, financiada por nuestras propias contribuciones.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NUESTRAS LABORES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s  presiona a los niveles de gobierno y las organizaciones internacionales sobre asuntos nacionales, internacionales y locales que atañen a la comunidad Latina y caribeña.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Vigila y contribuye al trabajo del gobierno canadiense, las Naciones Unidas y la Organización de Estado Americanos en asuntos significativos para las mujeres latinas y caribeñas en Canadá.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Todo nuestro labor está orientado hacia la paz y promover la justicia política, social y económica para todos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Promover eventos y programas que llenen las necesidades de las mujeres latinas y caribeñas en Canadá.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Fomentar una red de mujeres latinas y caribeñas para el desarrollo mutuo,  con el fin de preservar y fortalecer nuestra variada y vibrante herencia latina y caribeña en Canadá.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Elaborar soluciones sobre asuntos claves que afectan la vida de la mujer latina y caribeña en Canadá y las Américas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Algunos ejemplos de nuestros proyectos son: presentaciones y peticiones a todos los niveles de gobierno, educación popular, conferencias, eventos, investigación sobre políticas y asuntos relevantes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NUESTRA ORGANZACION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s  es una organización sin fines de lucro, de abarque nacional, que llevará a cabo anualmente una asamblea general de sus miembros que confirmará su agenda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s  servirá de marco para compartir conocimientos que ayuden a las mujeres latinas y caribeñas ser agentes efectivas de cambio social en nuestras comunidades y país.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(English version)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Raison d'etre&lt;br /&gt;According to Statistics Canada, there are an estimated 750,000 people of Hispanic origin[1] in Canada, representing 1.8% of the population and forming one of the largest ethnic communities in the country.  About 300,000 live in and around Toronto,  105,000 in the Greater Toronto Area, 100,000 live in Montreal and about 50,000 in Vancouver.&lt;br /&gt;One may safely surmise that roughly half of these figures represent women. Latin American women are particularly under-represented in the private sector, professions, and in the public sector, including legislatures, all levels of government, and political parties.&lt;br /&gt;They carry the double burden of gender and ethnicity identification.  Their voices have rarely been heard, or heard only indirectly, in the process of Canadian political, social and economic decision making. &lt;br /&gt;In Latin@s, they now have an instrument for voicing their concerns and values and for  contributing to public discourse in Canada.&lt;br /&gt;[1] Hispanic origin was estimated by Statistics Canada by respondents asserting they had at least one of these characteristics: Latina American or Hispanic ethnic origin, mother tongue, place of birth or that of parents. Although Hispanic is not the same as Latino, the majority in Canada come from Latin America, not Spain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WHO WE ARE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latin@s  is a grass roots organization of Latin American women in Canada, whose mission is to encourage informed political decision making for the well being of our families, communities and the country at large. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latin@s gathers mothers, grandmothers, sisters, daughters, female workers, students, teachers, healers, artists, trade unionists, in short, Latin American women in all walks of Canadian life. We will promote the full participation of Latin women in the economic social and political life of this country.   Men are able and encouraged to join Latin@s  by invitation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We define Latina women in Canada as women who were born or whose parents were born or whose children were born in Latin America or the Caribbean; it also includes women of the original peoples of the American continent; we include all women who come from the varied ethnic and racial backgrounds that make up our rich Latino heritage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latin@s  is a united national voice of Latin American and Caribbean women and seeks to cooperate with other women’s groups to improve our lives, that of our families and communities.  Other than for our research and service programs we are self supporting from our own contributions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WHAT WE DO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s  lobbies  governments, international organizations about  international, national and local issues relevant to Latino women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Monitors and contributes to the work of the Canadian Government, the United Nations and the Organization of the American States on issues relevant to Latin American and Caribbean women in Canada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    All our work is geared to the pursuit of peace and to promote political, social and economic justice for all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s promotes events and programs that meet the needs of Latino women in Canada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s  fosters a network of Latino women for mutual reciprocal development to help preserve and strengthen our vibrant and diverse Latin American and Caribbean heritage in Canada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Examples of our projects are: lobbying all levels of government, popular education, conferences and event, research on policy and relevant issues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s  elaborates Canada-wide resolutions on key issues that affect the lives of Latino women in Canada and the Americas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HOW WE ACCOMPLISH OUR WORK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s  is a Canada-wide non-profit organization that meets with an annual general meeting, which confirms its agenda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•    Latin@s  provides a framework for sharing knowledge to help Latin women to be effective agents of social change.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-922552730091646457?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/922552730091646457/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/07/nuestro-razon-de-ser-our-raison-detre.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/922552730091646457'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/922552730091646457'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/07/nuestro-razon-de-ser-our-raison-detre.html' title='NUESTRO RAZON DE SER - OUR RAISON D&apos;ETRE'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6814127137777669434.post-6471735195128471643</id><published>2009-07-22T05:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-22T05:47:05.352-07:00</updated><title type='text'>QUIENES SOMOS</title><content type='html'>EL CONSEJO NACIONAL DE MUJERES LATINAS Y CARIBEÑAS EN CANADA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6814127137777669434-6471735195128471643?l=latinascanada.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/feeds/6471735195128471643/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/07/quienes-somos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6471735195128471643'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6814127137777669434/posts/default/6471735195128471643'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://latinascanada.blogspot.com/2009/07/quienes-somos.html' title='QUIENES SOMOS'/><author><name>NATIONAL COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN WOMEN OF CANADA - LATIN@S</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02151178966427817174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__Z5ktrzivB4/SvyGsdqhwRI/AAAAAAAAACU/iKY3FuFfdps/S220/CAMELIAS+blogstop+2009.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
